Lymph Node Involvement in Immunohistochemistry-Based Molecular Classifications of Breast Cancer

Howland, N.K.; Driver, T.D.; Wen, X.; Eltorky, M.A.; Sedrak, M.P.; Chao, C.

doi:10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.237

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…In general, the LN status presents an important prognostic factor in breast cancer [21]; however, recent findings and results of our study indicate that LN metastases are generally less prevalent in luminal-A tumors than in the more aggressive subtypes of disease [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Rather, retrospective studies indicate that luminal-A tumors show the highest propensity to metastasize to bones, mainly when compared with the basal subtype of breast cancer [23,26,27].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…In general, the frequency of patients with LN metastasis is lower in the luminal-A subtype than in other disease subtypes. This is particularly so when luminal-A tumors are compared with the luminal-B subtype that shares several molecular characteristics with it [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. In contrast, bone metastases are prevalent in luminal-A patients more than in other subtypes, and bones are the preferred metastatic site in this subtype of disease [23,26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, the roles of chemokine axes in breast cancer have not been thoroughly dissected in specific disease subtypes, and the mechanisms dictating the metastatic pattern of luminal-A tumors are far from being fully elucidated. Although patients belonging to this large subgroup demonstrate a relatively favorable outcome [18,20,28,29], a significant proportion of the patients will relapse. Once patients develop remote metastases, survival rates are still staggeringly low [27] (although steadily improving throughout the years [30]), emphasizing the need to provide improved insights to the mechanisms contributing to metastatic spread in luminal-A patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Chemokine axes in breast cancer: factors of the tumor microenvironment reshape the CCR7-driven metastatic spread of luminal-A breast tumors

Weitzenfeld

Kossover

Körner

et al. 2016

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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Chemokine axes have been shown to mediate site-specific metastasis in breast cancer, but their relevance to different subtypes has been hardly addressed. Here, with the focus on the CCR7-CCL21 axis, patient datasets demonstrated that luminal-A tumors express relatively low CCR7 levels compared with more aggressive disease subtypes. Furthermore, lymph node metastasis was not associated with high CCR7 levels in luminal-A patients. The metastatic pattern of luminal-A breast tumors may be influenced by the way luminal-A tumor cells interpret signals provided by factors of the primary tumor microenvironment. Thus, CCR7-expressing human luminal-A cells were stimulated simultaneously by factors representing 3 tumor microenvironment arms typical of luminal-A tumors, hormonal, inflammatory, and growth stimulating: estrogen + TNF-α + epidermal growth factor. Such tumor microenvironment stimulation down-regulated the migration of CCR7-expressing tumor cells toward CCL21 and inhibited the formation of directional protrusions toward CCL21 in a novel 3-dimensional hydrogel system. CCL21-induced migration of CCR7-expressing tumor cells depended on PI3K and MAPK activation; however, when CCR7-expressing cancer cells were prestimulated by tumor microenvironment factors, CCL21 could not effectively activate these signaling pathways. In vivo, pre-exposure of the tumor cells to tumor microenvironment factors has put restraints on CCL21-mediated lymph node-homing cues and shifted the metastatic pattern of CCR7-expressing cells to the aggressive phenotype of dissemination to bones. Several of the aspects were also studied in the CXCR4-CXCL12 system, demonstrating similar patient and in vitro findings. Thus, we provide novel evidence to subtype-specific regulation of the CCR7-CCL21 axis, with more general implications to chemokine-dependent patterns of metastatic spread, revealing differential regulation in the luminal-A subtype.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemokine axes in breast cancer: factors of the tumor microenvironment reshape the CCR7-driven metastatic spread of luminal-A breast tumors

Weitzenfeld

Kossover

Körner

et al. 2016

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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“…Meanwhile, in research conducted by Howland, Driver and Chao, it was found that HER-2 numbers were more dominant than others. While in a study conducted by He, Wu, Lin in 2015, the same characteristics were also found in this study, namely ER/PR, TNBC, and HER-2 [12], [13].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Correlation between Grading Histopathology and Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis in Early Breast Cancer in University of Sumatera Utara Hospital

Hermansyah

Pricilia

Azrah

et al. 2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a malignancy in breast tissue from the duct or lobar epithelium. American Joint Committee on Cancer has specified important prognostic factors such as primary tumor size, regional lymph node status, and distant metastasis. Axillary lymph node status has been one of the most reliable prognostic factors in early breast cancer in women. Axillary lymph node dissection is an old method to identify metastasis in axillary lymph nodes and started being replaced by sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). SLNB has been introduced as a minimal invasive procedure, but in Indonesia, this procedure cannot be done due to technology limitation. Grading tumor is one of the predictor factors that can predict lymph node metastasis. This predictor factor has been associated with sentinel lymph node metastasis significantly. AIM: According to this, we conduct this study to analyze the correlation between grading histopathology in breast cancer with sentinel lymph node metastasis to lower false-negative rate in SLNB using methylene blue dye. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we included 51 patients that qualified using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, sentinel lymph node metastasis and grading histopathology data were retrieved from the patient’s medical record. This data are analyzed using SPSS with Chi-square test. RESULTS: The most type of breast cancer in this study is invasive ductal carcinoma was found in 40 patients (78.4%). There are 22 of 51 patients (51.6%) with metastasis to sentinel lymph node, have Grade 3 in histopathologic findings. CONCLUSIONS: The statistical evaluation showed that there is significant correlation between grading histopathology and SLNB with p = 0.001.

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“…The incidence of LNM was more presented in the larger tumor. Women with a tumor size >2 cm had a significantly higher risk of LN metastasis than those with tumor ≤2 cm (27). Race also had a significant influence on LNM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Development and validation of a nomogram for prediction of lymph node metastasis in early-stage breast cancer

Li¹,

Tang²,

Chen³

et al. 2021

Gland Surg

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Background: Lymph node status is an important factor in determining the prognosis of early-stage breast cancer. We endeavored to build and validate a simple nomogram to predict lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with early-stage breast cancer.Methods: Patients with T1-2 and non-metastasis (M0) breast cancer registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were enrolled. All patients were divided into primary cohort and validation cohort in a 2:1 ratio. In order to assess risk factors for LNM, we performed univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression, and based on results of multivariable analysis, we built the predictive nomogram model. The C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration plots were applied to assess LNM model performance. Moreover, the nomogram efficiency was further validated through the validation cohort, part of which was from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University database. Results: Totally, 184,531 female breast cancer with T1-2 tumor size from SEER database and 1,222 patients from the Chinese institutional data were included. There were 123,019 patients in the primary cohort and 62,734 patients in validation cohort. The LNM nomogram was composed of seven features including age at diagnosis, race, primary site, histologic type, grade, tumor size and subtype. The model showed good discrimination, with a C-index of 0.720 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.717-0.723] and good calibration. Similar C-index was 0.718 (95% CI: 0.713-0.723) in validation cohort. Consistently, ROC curves presented good discrimination in the primary cohort [area under the curve (AUC) =0.720] and the validation set (AUC =0.718) for the LNM nomogram. Calibration curve of the nomogram demonstrated good agreement. Conclusions: With the prediction of novel validated nomogram for women with early-stage breast cancer, doctors may distinguish patients with high possibility of LNM and devise individualize treatments.

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Lymph Node Involvement in Immunohistochemistry-Based Molecular Classifications of Breast Cancer

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Chemokine axes in breast cancer: factors of the tumor microenvironment reshape the CCR7-driven metastatic spread of luminal-A breast tumors

Chemokine axes in breast cancer: factors of the tumor microenvironment reshape the CCR7-driven metastatic spread of luminal-A breast tumors

Correlation between Grading Histopathology and Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis in Early Breast Cancer in University of Sumatera Utara Hospital

Development and validation of a nomogram for prediction of lymph node metastasis in early-stage breast cancer

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