Lymph node mapping in the mouse

Harrell, Maria I.; Iritani, Brian M.; Ruddell, Alanna

doi:10.1016/j.jim.2007.11.012

Cited by 227 publications

(240 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Fluorescent DiR or DiI labeled exosomes (50 mg), DiDliposomes, or DiO-B16-melanoma cells (1 million) were each injected into the footpads of individual mice using established techniques (21). To equalize the number of liposomes and exosomes injected, a standard curve relating counts of various particle concentrations of liposomes, designed to be approximately the same size ($100 nm) as B16-F10 melanoma exosomes was constructed on the basis of DLS (Brookhaven Instruments Corp.).…”

Section: Nodal Trafficking Of Liposomes Exosomes or Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The left and right popliteal (PO) or inguinal (IN) murine lymph nodes as mapped by Harrell and colleagues (21) were dissected, frozen at À80 C in OCT (optimal cutting temperature) medium, imaged for liposome, melanoma exosome, and melanoma cell fluorescence using a Xenogen in vivo imaging system and cryosectioned. Central frozen tissue cross-sections (8 mm thick) were fixed in acetone, stained for nuclei using VECTASHIELD mounting medium with DAPI (Vector Laboratories Inc.) and visualized using fluorescent microsocopy to detect fluorescent carbocyanine labeled exosomes or cells within nodes or stained with eosin-haematoxylin to verify the structure of the lymphoid tissue.…”

Section: Lymph Node Dissection and Fluorescent Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of these lipid ratios produced liposomes with a size (98 AE 4 nm) and electrokinetic (zeta) potential (À8 AE 2 mV) that closely approximate that of B16-F10 melanoma exosomes (95 AE 14 nm and À11 AE 5 mV). Thus, DiR labeled B16-F10 melanoma exosomes or an equivalent number of control DiD labeled bland liposomes were injected into the footpads of albino C57/BL6 mice as described (21). Mouse feet are drained by a corresponding right and left pair of PO and IN lymph nodes (21).…”

Section: Melanoma Exosomes Home To Sentinel Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, DiR labeled B16-F10 melanoma exosomes or an equivalent number of control DiD labeled bland liposomes were injected into the footpads of albino C57/BL6 mice as described (21). Mouse feet are drained by a corresponding right and left pair of PO and IN lymph nodes (21). Thus, these nodes serve as sentinel nodes for footpad tumors.…”

Section: Melanoma Exosomes Home To Sentinel Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exosomes Released by Melanoma Cells Prepare Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Tumor Metastasis

Hood¹,

San²,

Wickline³

2011

Cancer Research

887

747

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Exosomes are naturally occurring biological nanovesicles utilized by tumors to communicate signals to local and remote cells and tissues. Melanoma exosomes can incite a proangiogenic signaling program capable of remodeling tissue matrices. In this study, we show exosome-mediated conditioning of lymph nodes and define microanatomic responses that license metastasis of melanoma cells. Homing of melanoma exosomes to sentinel lymph nodes imposes synchronized molecular signals that effect melanoma cell recruitment, extracellular matrix deposition, and vascular proliferation in the lymph nodes. Our findings highlight the pathophysiologic role and mechanisms of an exosome-mediated process of microanatomic niche preparation that facilitates lymphatic metastasis by cancer cells. Cancer Res; 71(11); 3792-801. Ó2011 AACR.

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Section: Nodal Trafficking Of Liposomes Exosomes or Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lymph Node Dissection and Fluorescent Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Melanoma Exosomes Home To Sentinel Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Melanoma Exosomes Home To Sentinel Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Exosomes Released by Melanoma Cells Prepare Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Tumor Metastasis

Hood¹,

San²,

Wickline³

2011

Cancer Research

887

747

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To facilitate studies in small-animal models, we developed a nonsurgical approach for intra-LN injection based on marking LNs with the nontoxic tracer dye Evans blue (Fig. S1A), often employed for mapping lymphatic drainage patterns (19). Optimized doses of this dye injected at the tail base or caudal thigh muscle resulted in drainage to inguinal LNs (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ engineering of the lymph node microenvironment via intranodal injection of adjuvant-releasing polymer particles

Jewell

López

Irvine

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

222

216

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Recent studies have demonstrated a simple, potentially universal strategy to enhance vaccine potency, via intralymph node (i.LN) injection. To date, intranodal immunization studies have focused on the delivery of unadjuvanted vaccines (e.g., naked DNA, peptide, or protein). We hypothesized that combining i.LN vaccination with controlled release biomaterials permitting sustained dosing of molecular adjuvants to the local tissue microenvironment would further enhance this promising vaccination strategy. To test this idea, we encapsulated the Toll-like receptor-3 ligand poly(inosinic:cytidylic acid) (polyIC) in biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles (MPs) designed to remain extracellular and release polyIC in the LN over several days. Intranodal injection of MPs increased persistence of polyIC in LNs compared to the same dose of soluble polyIC or polyIC formulated in nanoparticles, leading to increased accumulation of Toll-like receptor agonist in LNresident antigen presenting cells and more enduring dendritic cell activation. Intralymph node injection of ovalbumin mixed with polyIC-releasing MPs enhanced the humoral response and expanded ovalbumin-specific T cells to frequencies as high as 18% among all CD8 þ cells following a single injection (8.2-fold greater than the same vaccine given i.m.), a response that could not be matched by antigen mixed with polyIC-loaded nanoparticles or a 10-fold greater dose of soluble polyIC. Thus, i.LN immunization with slow release-formulated adjuvants may be a broadly applicable strategy to enhance therapeutic or prophylactic vaccines.C ompared to live attenuated pathogens, vaccines based on nonreplicating viral/bacterial vectors or subunit antigens offer enhanced safety but elicit weaker, less durable immune responses. Thus, enhancing the potency of these vector/subunit vaccines without sacrificing their excellent safety profile is a central focus of vaccine development. One strategy to enhance vaccine potency is to improve the delivery of antigen and adjuvant molecules to critical antigen presenting cells (APCs) in secondary lymphoid organs. In the "geographic" view of immunity, antigen which does not reach these sites for induction of primary immune responses is ignored by the immune system (1). Following traditional vaccine injection in peripheral tissues, soluble proteins or small particles (<50 nm) drain directly to lymph nodes (LNs), while cell-associated antigen or larger antigen particles access LNs by APC uptake and trafficking (2-4). Recently, intralymph node (i.LN) vaccination-injection of antigens/adjuvants directly into LNs-has shown great promise for vaccine delivery, improving the potency of DNA, RNA, peptide, protein, and dendritic cell-based vaccines (2). Studies have demonstrated as much as 10 6 -fold reductions in antigen dose (5, 6), 100-fold reductions in adjuvant dose (7), and enhanced protection with reduced side effects relative to traditional parenteral immunizations (2). Lymph node injection in humans is readily performed using ultraso...

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Fast and Accurate Imaging of Lymph Node Metastasis with Multifunctional Near‐Infrared Polymer Dots

Cao

Guo

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

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Metastasis to regional lymph nodes is a significant prognostic indicator for cancer progression. There is a great demand for rapid and accurate diagnosis of metastasis to the lymph nodes. In this work, folate receptor‐targeted trimodal polymer dots are designed for near‐infrared (NIR)/photoacoustic (PA)/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of lymph node metastasis. Confocal microscopic analyses and flow cytometry show that pulmonary mucosa epithelial cell carcinoma NCI‐H292 with expression of the folate receptor is positive for folate‐functional polymer dots. In vivo and ex vivo NIR imaging results verify that prepared polymer dots show rapid and high uptake in the metastatic lymph nodes, can effectively distinguish metastatic and normal lymph nodes for 1 h postinjection, and have great potential in real‐time imaging‐guided surgery. Furthermore, ten metastatic lymph nodes from the tumor‐bearing mice are detected by NIR imaging via intratumoral injection of polymer dots. Moreover, in vivo PA and MR imaging confirm the enhanced PA and MR signals of polymer dots in the metastatic lymph nodes as well as enlarged lymph nodes in tumor‐bearing mice. The results of this study provide a unique approach using trimodal polymer dots for the rapid and precise diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in vivo.

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Lymph node mapping in the mouse

Cited by 227 publications

References 9 publications

Exosomes Released by Melanoma Cells Prepare Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Tumor Metastasis

Exosomes Released by Melanoma Cells Prepare Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Tumor Metastasis

In situ engineering of the lymph node microenvironment via intranodal injection of adjuvant-releasing polymer particles

Fast and Accurate Imaging of Lymph Node Metastasis with Multifunctional Near‐Infrared Polymer Dots

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