Lymph Nodes as a Source of Neutralizing Principle for Vaccinia

McMaster, Philip D.; Kidd, John G.

doi:10.1084/jem.66.1.73

Cited by 46 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As has been said, the production of antibodies within lymph nodes was proved by McMaster and Kidd in 1937 (21). In the present experiments a higher titre of antibodies was produced by the intravenous route with the use of the dyeprotein.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Cellular Reactions to a Dye-Protein With a Concept of the Mechanism of Antibody Formation

Sabin

1939

Journal of Experimental Medicine

177

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It has long been known that antibodies are almost invariably associated with th~ globulin fractions in the serum. An example of this association in the case of antipneumococcus serum was presented some years ago by Avery (1). Furthermore: within the last decade, evidence that antibodies are themselves protein has been steadily accumulating. Especially convincing have been the studies of Felton and his collabo. rators (2, 3) on the concentration and purification of the antibodies in antipneumococcus horse sera and the extension of these studies by Chow and Goebel (4). However, without quantitative micro methods for the estimation of antibodies in absolute terms the identification of antibodies as modified serum globulins would necessarily have remained uncertain. The development of such methods by Heidelberger and his collaborators (5) and the extension of their theoretical studies to the preparation of more highly purified antibody than had previously been obtainable led to accurate investigations on the physical-chemical properties of antibodies by the ultracentrifugal (6-9) and electrophoretic (10, 11) methods. Since the molecular weights and electrical mobilities found were those characteristic of proteins, the identification of antibodies as modified serum globulins may be considered accomplished. A chemically satisfactory theory of antibody formation has been put forward by Breinl and Haurowitz (12) and was restated by Mudd (13).All of this chemical work signifies that the cellular mechanisms which give rise to antibodies must be concerned in their normal functions with the synthesis of globulin. For some years evidence has been presented implicating the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system in the formation of antibodies. The present report seeks to make our understanding of the mechanism of this function more definite.Studies of the reactions of the phagocytic mononuclear cells stem from the work of Ehrlich and Metchnikoff. It is known that when Ehrlich was experimenting with dyes, he suggested to his friend Goldmann that he use pyrrol blue for observations on these cells. Goldmann (14) then made a survey of all the cells in the body which will phagocytize azo dyes given in the form of particulate matter. His work was followed by that of Aschoff (15) and of Kiyono (16) who used carmine particles, and by that of Evans and his associates (17-19) who employed trypan blue. Aschoff formulated the concept 67on May 7, 2018 jem.rupress.org Downloaded from

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Cellular Reactions to a Dye-Protein With a Concept of the Mechanism of Antibody Formation

Sabin

1939

Journal of Experimental Medicine

177

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“…The particular component of the lymphoid tissue that responds to an injected antigen depends, among other things, on its route of administration. Thus the injection of bacteria, vaccines, and other soluble antigens into intradermal or subcutaneous sites evokes antibody synthesis principally in the lymph nodes draining the site of the injection (McMaster and Hudack, 1935;McMaster and Kidd, 1937;McMaster, 1953McMaster, , 1961Burnet and Fenner, 1949;Oakley, 1959).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of the Primary and the Secondary Immune Responses of Lymph Nodes Draining Homografts of Fresh Cancellous Bone (With Particular Reference to Mechanisms of Lymph Node Reactivity)

Burwell

1962

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…The studies of McMaster et aS. in 1936 (1,2) provided the first experimental evidence that the lymphatic system might be a site of formation of antibodies, in contrast to the view generally held at the time that the reticuloendothelial system formed these substances (3). Ehrich and Harris (4) confirmed and amplified these findings, including studies of the cell content and antibodies in the lymph entering and emerging from the sole lymph node draining the site of injection of antigen in the rabbit.…”

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confidence: 99%

Histochemical Changes in Lymphocytes During the Production of Antibodies in Lymph Nodes of Rabbits

Harris

1949

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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The studies of McMaster et aS. in 1936 (1, 2) provided the first experimental evidence that the lymphatic system might be a site of formation of antibodies, in contrast to the view generally held at the time that the reticuloendothelial system formed these substances (3). Ehrich and Harris (4) confirmed and amplified these findings, including studies of the cell content and antibodies in the lymph entering and emerging from the sole lymph node draining the site of injection of antigen in the rabbit. Again, Dougherty, Chase, and White (5) minced pooled lymph nodes from mice injected with antigens, and prepared a cell mass rich in lymphocytes from which they extracted antibodies to the antigen used. Harris et al. (6) gave further evidence of the association of the lymphocyte with the production of antibodies by finding these substances in higher concentration in lymphocytes collected from lymph as it emerged from a lymph node draining the site of injection of antigen.Other cells of mesodermal origin have, however, been regarded as possible sources of antibodies. Thus, the macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system were proposed in consequence of the work of Sabin referred to above (3). The plasma cell has been suggested as having such a function by Scandinavian workers. Bj~rneboe and Gormsen observed proliferation of plasma cells in the spleen and other organs of rabbits which had received repeated injections of massive doses of bacterial cells (7), and extracted antibodies from some of these sites (8). Fagraeus (9) explanted red and white splenic pulp from rabbits similarly treated, and found more antibody in explants of white pulp, which she observed to be relatively richer in plasma cells.The recent applications of histochemistry to physiology have offered an approach to the problem of the direct identification of cells concerned with the production of antibodies. It was first shown by Caspersson (10, 11) and Brachet (12) that cells which were actively forming new protein were characterized by large amounts of ribonucleic acid in their cytoplasm. Additional evidence for the association of cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein with protein synthesis has been reviewed

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Lymph Nodes as a Source of Neutralizing Principle for Vaccinia

Abstract: An antiviral principle is elaborated within the regional lymph nodes draining skin into which vaccinia is injected. The immunity conferred by clinical Jennerian vaccination may be largely of lymph node origin.

Cited by 46 publications

References 9 publications

Cellular Reactions to a Dye-Protein With a Concept of the Mechanism of Antibody Formation

Cellular Reactions to a Dye-Protein With a Concept of the Mechanism of Antibody Formation

Studies of the Primary and the Secondary Immune Responses of Lymph Nodes Draining Homografts of Fresh Cancellous Bone (With Particular Reference to Mechanisms of Lymph Node Reactivity)

Histochemical Changes in Lymphocytes During the Production of Antibodies in Lymph Nodes of Rabbits

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