Lymph nodes in the human female breast: A review of their detection and significance

Schmidt, Waldemar A.; Boudousquie, Alan C.; Vetto, John T.; Pommier, Rodney F.; Alexander, Priscilla W.; Thurmond, Amy S.; Scanlan, Richard M.; Jones, Marla K.

doi:10.1053/hupa.2001.21571

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Reactive intramammary lymph nodes are generally reported as having typical RX or US features [10]; small size, oblongata shape and the presence of hilus suggests the benignity of these lymph nodes, as is often the case. Nonetheless, imaging diagnosis may not always be accurate due to a possibly equivocal presentation (fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clinical presentation and radiological features of both benign and lymphomatous mammary processes are quite variable. Intramammary lymph nodes have quite typical ultrasound features, although, in some cases, they may be misdiagnosed as fibroadenomas [10]. Rare sclerosing lobulitis has a variable presentation, ranging from monolateral to bilateral lumps, with or without ill-defined mass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine-Needle Cytology and Flow Cytometry Assessment of Reactive and Lymphoproliferative Processes of the Breast

Vigliar¹,

Cozzolino²,

Fernandez³

et al. 2012

Acta Cytologica

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Objective: The breast may be affected by reactive and lymphoproliferative processes such as primary (PBL) or secondary (SBL) lymphoma, reactive intramammary lymph nodes and sclerosing lobulitis; imaging may be not specific and surgical treatment not indicated. We report an experience with fine-needle cytology (FNAC) combined with flow cytometry (FC) and immunocytochemistry (ICC) in the diagnosis of these processes. Study Design: Thirty-seven cases comprising intramammary lymph nodes (n = 15), sclerosing lobulitis (n = 2), PBL (n = 11) and SBL (n = 9) are reported. FNAC was used to prepare traditional smears, conventional ICC or FC. Cytological diagnoses were compared to the imaging data, checked by histology or follow-up and statistically evaluated. Results: Imaging was not conclusive in most PBL, SBL, sclerosing lobulitis and some intramammary lymph nodes. FNAC combined with FC and ICC provided a definitive diagnosis of intramammary lymph node, sclerosing lobulitis, PBL and SBL in 18 cases with indication of the specific subtype in 10 cases. Statistical analysis showed 90% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value and 89% negative predictive value. Conclusions: FNAC combined with FC and ICC is a helpful procedure for the diagnosis of reactive and lymphoproliferative processes of the breast. It may prevent unnecessary biopsy and speed up therapeutic procedures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-Needle Cytology and Flow Cytometry Assessment of Reactive and Lymphoproliferative Processes of the Breast

Vigliar¹,

Cozzolino²,

Fernandez³

et al. 2012

Acta Cytologica

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“…Several authors have reported diverse identification rates of iMLNs ranging from 0.2 to 48% [3,5,10,11,12,13,14]. This variability was caused by the use of different detection methods, including autopsy, pathologic review and retrospective chart review.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Clinical Meaning of Intramammary Lymph Nodes

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Choi³

et al. 2012

Oncology

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Objective: The clinical meaning of intramammary lymph nodes (iMLNs) is uncertain. We wanted to describe the clinical characteristics and understand the implications of iMLNs detected by sentinel LN biopsy (SLNB). Methods: We reviewed the clinical, radiological and pathological records of women diagnosed with invasive carcinoma of the breast at the Samsung Medical Center between January 2001 and January 2011. A total of 69 patients were identified, and SLNB was performed in 31 patients. Results: Of the 69 patients included in the study, 22 (31.9%) had metastases in iMLNs. The presence of lymphovascular invasion and the number of axillary LN metastases were associated with iMLN metastasis. Of the 31 patients who underwent SLNB, there were no cases with axillary LN metastasis when axillary SLNB was negative, even in cases of iMLN-positive patients. Of the 10 patients in whom intramammary SLNs (iMSLNs) were detected during SLNB, 8 patients without iMLN metastases were also negative for axillary LNs. Conclusion: Patients with metastatic iMLNs had more aggressive cancers with lymphovascular invasion and increased axillary LN metastases. When iMSLN was detected by SLNB, performing of axillary dissection could be determined by the status of the iMSLN itself.

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“…Therefore, ILNMs may herald the presence of primary, recurrent, or metastatic breast cancer, represent the sentinel node, and/or have a critical impact on disease staging. 2,[7][8][9] The presence of ILNM, independent of axillary lymph node involvement, has been found to be an independent predictor of poor outcome in patients with breast carcinoma. 10 In our series, sonography alone detected ILNMs in 2 patients with primary breast cancer, …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metastases to intramammary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer: Sonographic findings

Edeiken-Monroe

Monroe

et al. 2008

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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Lymph nodes in the human female breast: A review of their detection and significance

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

Fine-Needle Cytology and Flow Cytometry Assessment of Reactive and Lymphoproliferative Processes of the Breast

Fine-Needle Cytology and Flow Cytometry Assessment of Reactive and Lymphoproliferative Processes of the Breast

The Clinical Meaning of Intramammary Lymph Nodes

Metastases to intramammary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer: Sonographic findings

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