Lymphatic Filariasis: An Overview

Al-Tameemi, Kanaan; Kabakli, Raiaan

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i12.35646

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The highest incidence of IgG antibodies was in patients aged between 56-76 compared to other groups, this may be due to weak immune system and exposure to infection with age. This is consistent with the study of [20] and [21] in contrast, did not agree with a study of [22], which indicated in her study the presence of antibodies in a higher percentage at young ages than (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) in Basrah.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Immunocompromised cancer patients in Basrah Provence, Southern Iraq

Jaffer

Awad

2022

Basrah Researches Sciences

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The current study was conducted in Basrah province during the period from Dec. 2020 to Oct. 2021. The purpose of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies of toxoplasmosis in cancer patients in Basrah province, southern Iraq, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This study was conducted on 173 people, including 123 people with cancer who were taking chemotherapy and 25 healthy people as a first control group and 25 people with cancer who were not taking chemotherapy were considered as a second control group. The results showed that the incidence of chronic) IgG) toxoplasmosis was 31 and acute (IgM) toxoplasmosis was 0.8%.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Immunocompromised cancer patients in Basrah Provence, Southern Iraq

Jaffer

Awad

2022

Basrah Researches Sciences

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“…Recent data indicate that young adults below the age of 20 have exhibited the highest rate of detected infections, a development attributable to advances in diagnostic technologies. These include a variety of immunological tests such as influenza assays (e.g., TropBio Og4C3 Test [TropBio, Australia]), immunochromatographic cards, experiential assays, and polymerase chain reaction tests (PCR) ( 18 ). Moreover, individuals aged between 15 and 44 have been identified as the demographic group with the highest infection rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although significant progress has been made in Latin America and the Caribbean, the disease burden is still underestimated and remains a cause for concern ( 16 ). Cases of filariasis due to Mansonella have been reported in the Amazon regions of Colombia and Peru, some very close to the border with Ecuador; however, there are no official data on the prevalence of LF in these countries ( 17 , 18 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nationwide epidemiological and geodemographic analysis of lymphatic filariasis in Ecuador: a neglected and often forgotten disease in Ecuador

Izquierdo-Condoy,

Naranjo-Lara,

Vásconez-Gonzalez

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionLymphatic filariasis (LF) is a neglected parasitic disease transmitted by mosquitoes and affecting the lymphatic system. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological and sociodemographic characteristics of patients with LF during the last 11 years of available data in Ecuador.MethodsA 11-year nationwide analysis of hospital admission and in-hospital mortality based on the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC) data was conducted in Ecuador from 2011 to 2021. The International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) code for filariasis (ICD: B74) was used to retrieve information on severe LF as a proxy for incidence among 221 Ecuadorian cities.ResultsA total of 26 hospital admissions and 3 deaths due to LF were registered. The highest mortality rate was found in populations over 80 years. Men accounted for 62.5% (n = 17) of total number of cases with an average incidence rate of 1.7 cases per/1,000,000, while females accounted for 34.6% (n = 9), representing 1 case per/1,000,000 woman. Cities located at lower altitude (459/1,000,000) reported higher incidence rates than those located at higher altitudes (7.4/1,000,000).ConclusionThis is the first study on LF in Ecuador. Although, Ecuador is not considered endemic for LF, we found evidence of the presence of this disease in recent years. The implementation and improvement of an adequate integrated epidemiological surveillance system will allow early identification of cases and therefore their respective treatment.

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“…This response can be achieved by reducing the proinflammatory (Th1) response (17). As a result of weakening the immune system, the response to opportunistic pathogens and vaccines is severely reduced, such as tetanus toxoid, which can cause the disease to worsen, namely chronic lymphedema (18). Children born to infected mothers are more susceptible to contracting filarial infection (19) (20).…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review: Comparison of triple drug therapy versus double drug therapy for Lymphatic Filariasis

Yana

2021

MHSJ

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Background: Lymphatic filariasis is a parasitic infection caused by nematodes such as filaria Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori. These parasites can be transmitted through mosquito bites such as several species of mosquitoes, particularly Anopheles, Aedes, Culex, and Mansonia with geographical variations in the dominant vector identity. The main strategy used consists of community-wide mass drug administration (MDA) for the entire population at risk to stop disease transmission and prevent infectious morbidity. WHO recommends the use of annual medication in combination with the triple drug ivermectin therapy. Objective: To compare DEC and albendazole (IDA) versus the two drugs albendazole and diethycarbamazine or albendazole and ivermectin therapy. Methods: The literature search was carried out independently by the researcher using the Sciencedirect, Pubmed, and Cochrane online databases without limiting the type of study or the year of publication. The keywords used in this study were combined with the Boolean operator, namely "AND" namely ((((Lymphatic filariasis) AND (albendazole)) AND (diethylcarbamazine)) AND (ivermectin)) AND (compare). Results: Where triple drug therapy was significantly better in reducing and clearing microfilariae and worm nests in patients with lymphatic filariasis compared to two drug therapy alone. However, side effects occur more frequently in the combination of three therapies. The average side effects were low, such as headaches, joint pain, fatigue, and nausea. Conclusion: although it has relatively low side effects that occur in three drug combinations rather than two drug combination therapy, triple therapy combination therapy is more effective than two drug therapy in treating lymphatic filariasis disease.

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Lymphatic Filariasis: An Overview

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Immunocompromised cancer patients in Basrah Provence, Southern Iraq

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Immunocompromised cancer patients in Basrah Provence, Southern Iraq

A nationwide epidemiological and geodemographic analysis of lymphatic filariasis in Ecuador: a neglected and often forgotten disease in Ecuador

Systematic Review: Comparison of triple drug therapy versus double drug therapy for Lymphatic Filariasis

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