Lymphatic scintigrams: A method for studying the functional pattern of lymphatics and lymph nodes

Sage, Harold H.; Gozun, Benjamin V.

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(195801/02)11:1<200::aid-cncr2820110131>3.0.co;2-n

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…43 Sage and Gozun reported using colloidal protein labeled with gold 198 in a dog to obtain images of lymphatic scintigraphy. 44 Lymphoscintigraphy was initially performed for the evaluation of lymphedema 45 and visualization of internal mammary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer. 46…”

Section: Lymphatic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Anatomical Studies on the Arterial, Venous, and Lymphatic System in Plastic Surgery

et al. 2022

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Anatomies of the vascular and lymphatic systems have been vital research topics in reconstructive surgery. Harvey was a pioneer who provided the earliest descriptions of the cutaneous vasculature in the 17th century. The concept of vascular territories of the skin was first described by Manchot. The radiographic injection method in cadavers was developed by Salman, who defined more than 80 vascular territories. The arterial system has been thoroughly investigated with the development of regional and free flaps. The concept of axial and random pattern flaps was introduced by McGregor and Morgan. Manchot's vascular territories were refined by Taylor and Palmer as the angiosome concept. Detailed information about the venous circulation is essential for reconstructive surgeries. The concept of intrinsic and extrinsic venocutaneous vascular systems was introduced by Nakajima and led to the development of the venoadipofascial flap. The importance of venous augmentation in flap survival was emphasized by Chang. The lymphatic system was discovered much later than the arterial and venous systems. Aselli was credited for discovering the lacteal vessels in the 17th century; mercury was popularly used as a contrast agent to distinguish lymphatic vessels for the next three centuries. A radiographic method in cadavers was developed by Suami. Lymphatic imaging devices are constantly upgrading, and photoacoustic imaging was recently introduced for three-dimensional visualization of architecture of superficial layers of the lymphatic and venous systems.

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Section: Lymphatic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Anatomical Studies on the Arterial, Venous, and Lymphatic System in Plastic Surgery

et al. 2022

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“…Pregledni radovi (1958) u vizuelizaciji limfnih puteva i nodusa (slika 1) [17]. Ručna gama kamera omogćila je intraoperativnu detekciju radioaktivnih, "vrućih", odnosno stražarskih limfnih nodusa (slika 2).…”

Section: Medicinski Podmladakunclassified

Strazarski limfni nodusi - proslost, sadasnjost, buducnost

Džodić¹,

Marković²

2014

Med podmladak

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Istorijski pregled "Kurativna hirurgija epitelnih malignih tumora podrazumeva hirurgiju organa ishodišta i hirurgiju regionalnih limfnih nodusa" (W.S.Halsted, Ann Surg,1894)Ovaj postulat bio je osnov mehaničke hipoteze o širenju raka.Disekcija regionalnih limfnih nodusa kod epitel nih malignih tumora dugo je prihvatana kao sastavni deo hirurškog lečenja u cilju postizanja dobre lokoregionalne kontrole bolesti. Disekcije su imale dvostruki značaj:• Dijagnostički, u stažiranju bolesti, jer zah vaćenost limfnih nodusa metastazama predstavlja najznačaj niji prognostički parametar.• Terapijski značaj, jer se uklanjanjem metastatskih limfnih nodusa smanjuje rizik od "metastaziranja iz metastaza".Hipoteza "kaskade"‚ prema kojoj je rani, minimal ni rak još uvek lokalna bolest i da u samom početku lim fni nodusi nisu obavezno zahvaćeni metastazama, navela je neke autore na razmišljanje o mogućnosti pronalaže nja manje mutilantnih metoda dijagnostike klinički ne zahvaćenih limfnih nodusa.Stražarski limfni nodus predstavlja prvi limfni nodus u pripadajućem limfnom drenažnom području koji prima aferentnu limfnu drenažu iz malignog tumo ra. Gould i saradnici, iz Washington Hospital Centra, su 1960. godine, prvi upotrebili termin "stražarski limfni nodus" (engl. sentinel lymph node, SLN) radeći biopsije najbližeg limfnog nodusa u sklopu parotidektomije zbog karcinoma parotidne pluvačne žlezde [1].Koncept SLN i njegov prediktivni značaj u stažiranju regionalne proširenosti malignog tumora najčešće se vezuje za Ramona Cabanasa, južnoafrič kog hirurga, i njegov pionirski rad (1977) o limfatičkoj drenaži ubrizgavanjem vitalne boje kod 100 bolesnika sa karcinomom penisa. Cabanas je definisao stražarski limfni nodus ili noduse kao prve koji "primaju" ćelije kancera iz primarnog tumora i da bi njihovo uklanjanje minimalnom hirurškom biopsijom i patohistološki pre gled odredili njihov status, i pomogli u odluci za kom pletnu limfadenektomiju te drenažne regije [2].Iako je Cabanas prvi prikazao korisnost ovog koncepta, mnogi autori su u poslednjih 100 godina pre poznali i dokumentovali koncept stražarskih limfnih no dusa.Braithwaite i saradnici su još 1915. godine u En gleskoj prepoznali "stražarske žlezde" (sentinel glands) koje su predstavljale inicijalnu limfnu drenažu pojedinih lokalizacija u abdominalnoj duplji [3].Posle ovog fundamentalnog zapažanja, drenaža u specifične grupe limfnih nodusa prikazana je za tumore želuca [4], pluća [5], testisa [6, 7], dojke [8] i digestivnog trakta [9,10]. Morton (1992) je svojom studijom otvorio vrata selektivnim disekcijama regionalnih limfatika kod intermedijarnog melanoma kože aplikujući isosulphan plavo oko melanoma ili u ožiljak od ekscizije, ukoliko su SLN zahvaćeni metastazama, dok su elektivne ("iz prin cipa") disekcije odbačene u većini centara [11].Tehniku mapiranja upotrebom radiokoloida obeleženog tehnecijumom (Tc99m) predstavili su James Alex i David Krag sa Univerziteta Vermont Medical Cen ter, i prvi su ovu tehniku koristili kod melanoma kože, karcinoma dojke i tumora glave i vr...

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“…Les méthodes d'exploration actuellement les plus utilisées étudient soit la fonction du système lymphatique, telle la lymphoscintigraphie, soit les conséquences de la dysfonction lymphatique sur les tissus, telles l'échographie, l'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) ou tomodensitométrique (TDM). La lymphoscintigraphie ou lymphographie isotopique indirecte, décrite pour la première fois il y a plus de cinquante ans, est une exploration physiologique de la circulation lymphatique, réali-sable à tout âge de la vie [1]. Elle constitue encore l'examen de référence dans l'exploration fonctionnelle du système lymphatique.…”

Section: Points Essentielsunclassified

“…La première lymphoscintigraphie a été fait en 1950 avec de l'or colloïdal qui a été vite abandonné en raison de ses propriétés physiques (rayonnement gamma et aussi béta) qui le rendaient très irradiant au niveau du site injecté [1]. L'or colloïdal a été remplacé par des traceurs technétiés dont le sulfocolloïde d'antimoine.…”

Section: Agents Radiopharmaceutiquesunclassified