Lymphedema: Clinical Signs, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Fossum, Theresa W.; King, Leonard A.; Miller, Matthew W.; Butler, Lisa

doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.1992.tb00361.x

Cited by 20 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…202 In the dye test, the solution is injected subcutaneously into the foot of the affected limb. Definitive diagnosis is based on history, physical examination findings, laboratory tests to rule out other conditions, skin biopsy, patent blue violet dye test, and lymphangiography.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Congenital and Hereditary Defects

Scott

2001

Muller &Amp; Kirk's Small Animal Dermatology

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Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…202 Good attention to skin care and hygiene and control of infections is essential. More severe cases may require (1) frequent bandaging (e.g., modified Robert Jones splint) to reduce the lymphedema.s'" (2) surgical extirpation of the edematous tissues, (3) reconstructive surgery, or (4) amputation of the affected part.…”

Section: Clinical Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital and Hereditary Defects

Scott

2001

Muller &Amp; Kirk's Small Animal Dermatology

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“…Chronically lymphoedematous tissue is prone to recurrent infection due to it being protein-rich, as well as to the associated impairment of the local immune system and regional immunosurveillance 6,19,29,31 . Lymphangiosarcoma appears in most species to arise most commonly in anatomical regions having been lymphoedematous, whether of primary or secondary origin, and especially in humans, this is often of long duration 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphangiosarcoma in a 3.5-year-old Bullmastiff bitch with vaginal prolapse, primary lymph node fibrosis and other congenital defects : clinical communication

Williams¹,

Birrell²,

Wilpe³

2005

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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Lymphangiosarcoma is an extremely rare tumour in dogs with only 16 cases reported in the literature. Lymphoedema, whichmaybe primary due to defects in the lymphatic system, or secondary to various other pathologies, often precedes malignancy. Of the 16 canine reports, only 1 dog was confirmed as having had prior primary lymphoedema due to aplasia of the popliteal lymph nodes. A case of lymphangiosarcoma is described in a 3.5-year-old purebred, Bullmastiff bitch which presented with vaginal blood 'spotting' for 3 weeks after cessation of oestrus, during which intromission by the male had been unsuccessful. During ovariohysterectomy a large multicystic, proliferative, spongy, fluid-filled, brownish-red mass surrounding the cervix and projecting into the abdominal space was removed with the cervix, and a diagnosis of lymphangiosarcoma made on histological and electron microscopic examination of the tissue. Ultrastructurally, no basement membrane or pericytes were found, only some of the neoplastic endothelial cells were linked by tight junctions while there were gaps between others, and neither micropinocytotic vesicles nor Weibel-Palade bodies occurred in the cells examined.Very few of the endothelial cells lining the many interlinking, tortuous maze of channels, stained slightly positive immunohistochemically for factor VIII-related antigen. The channels were filled mostly with serous fluid, and occasionally mixed leucocytes and some erythrocytes. The endothelium was often associated with underlying blocks of collagenous material, as well as looselyarranged aggregates of lymphocytes, other mononuclear cells and occasional neutrophils in the connective tissue septae and more prominently perivascularly. The bitch was discharged on antibiotic treatment but returned 2 weeks later with apparent prolapsed vagina which failed to reduce over the next week. Laparotomy revealed the tumour to have spread extensively in the caudal abdomen to involve the broad ligament and the ventral rectal serosa, and the 'prolapsed' tissue was found to be expanded vaginal wall. The bitch was euthanased and necropsied, Histological examination confirmed lymphangiosarcomatous invasion of the submucosal and muscular layers of the retroperitoneal, traumatised, prolapsed part of the vagina, the urethra and the ventral rectal wall. The broad ligament was diffusely invaded with tumour which had proliferated into the caudal abdominal space, and 3 small intra-trabecular foci of tumour were found in the right popliteal lymph node near the hilus. Mitotic figures were generally scarce. There was mild subcutaneous oedema of the ventral trunk extending from the axillae to the inner proximal thighs, which had not been evident clinically, and the lymph nodes (peripheral more so than internal) microscopically showed marked trabecular and perivascular fibrosis especially in hilar regions. Other congenital defects were hepatic capsular and central venous fibrosis with lymphatic duplication and dilatation in all areas of connective tissue, ventrally-incongruou...

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“…Standard pharmacotherapy and physical therapy for lymphoedema were applied (Knight and others 1989, Piller 1990, Fossum and others 1992, Rockson 2001, Fox and others 2005). However, there was no improvement in the non‐pitting oedema and the condition of the swollen right hindlimb further deteriorated.…”

Section: Case Historiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary malignant lymphoedema after mastectomy in two dogs

Kang

Lee

et al. 2007

J of Small Animal Practice

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This case report describes the diagnosis of secondary malignant lymphoedema in two dogs that had undergone a mastectomy. A remarkable severe oedematous lesion associated with lameness in the right hindlimb was observed in both cases. Diagnostic imaging examinations, including direct pedal lymphangiography (case 1) and lymphoscintigraphy (case 2), showed obstruction of lymph flow in the lymphatics of the right hindlimbs. Although the recommended medical management and physiotherapy had been applied to resolve the problems, oedema did not improve in the damaged region in both cases. Results of histopathological examinations suggested that the cause of the obstructed lymph flow was neoplastic cells in the lymphatics of the right hindlimb in both dogs.

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Lymphedema: Clinical Signs, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Cited by 20 publications

References 29 publications

Congenital and Hereditary Defects

Congenital and Hereditary Defects

Lymphangiosarcoma in a 3.5-year-old Bullmastiff bitch with vaginal prolapse, primary lymph node fibrosis and other congenital defects : clinical communication

Secondary malignant lymphoedema after mastectomy in two dogs

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