Lymphobronchial Fistula of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Polymicrobial Purulent Pericarditis Probably caused by a Broncho-Lymph Node-Pericardial Fistula in a Patient with Tuberculous Lymphadenitis

“…Cases of lymphobronchial fistulae in patients with TB lymphadenitis have been reported in children and HIV patients [ 13 14 ]. Although rare, bronchopericardial fistulae can occur as a complication of tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, and aspergillosis [ 15 16 ] as well as be caused by neoplasm [ 17 ], iatrogenesis [ 18 ], and trauma [ 19 ].…”

“…Although rare, bronchopericardial fistulae can occur as a complication of tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, and aspergillosis [ 15 16 ] as well as be caused by neoplasm [ 17 ], iatrogenesis [ 18 ], and trauma [ 19 ]. The treatment for a bronchopericardial fistula is stent insertion and surgery [ 17 ], although there is at least one case in the literature reporting spontaneous healing of a bronchopericardial fistula after pericardial drainage [ 14 ]. In our case, we speculate that the fistula must have been very small (a microperforation), but large enough for bacteria to pass through, and that it may have been closed when inflammation was decreased with antibiotics, antifungals and anti-TB medication in addition to appropriate drainage of inflammatory materials.…”