Lymphocyte Subsets and Mitogen Stimulation of Blood Lymphocytes in Normal Pregnancy

Matthiesen, Leif; Berg, Göran; Ernerudh, Jan; Håkansson, Leif

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00010.x

Cited by 88 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The lack of increase in this population in the blood of GDM-or Type 2 diabetes-afflicted women indicates an increase in immune activation versus immunosuppression during late pregnancy in diabetic patients and may in turn correlate with a greater risk to the pregnancy. A higher number of CD4+CD29+ (presumed helper/inducer cells) activated T cell subpopulations were also observed in GDM patients than in the blood of women experiencing a normal pregnancy, and a previous investigation showed this population to be down-regulated in normal pregnancy (35). These observations suggest that maternal immunosuppression, which is normally increased during pregnancy to compensate for the immunostimulatory activity of paternal antigens, may not be as effective in GDM patients as in healthy women.…”

Section: Lymphocyte Activationmentioning

confidence: 60%

Trace elements and cell-mediated immunity in gestational and pre-gestational diabetes mellitus at third trimester of pregnancy

Mahmoud¹

2012

AMA

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Objective. The aim of the study: To evaluate the correlations between Zn2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Se2+ and Cr3+ and alteration in T cell subsets during diabetic and normal pregnancy. Methods. The study involved 63 women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GD) and 16 pregnant women with Type 2 diabetes and 48 healthy, non-pregnant women were included as controls. Ten ml of whole venous blood from each participant was analyzed for electrolytes by atomic absorption; total antioxidant activity, individual enzymatic antioxidants by spectrophotometry; and lymphocyte sub-populations by flow cytometry. Results. There were significant changes in lymphocyte sub-populations: Naïve T cells were decreased and memory T-cells and activated T cells (CD4+HLA-DR+, CD4+CD29+) were increased in diabetes in pregnancy. Zn2+ and Cr3+ deficiency were observed in Type 2 diabetics with an increase in Cu2+ in all pregnant cohorts. In healthy pregnant subjects, CD4+-HLA-DR+ was increased in direct proportion to serum Mg2+ (p<0.05) and Se2+ (p<0.01). In insulin-treated GD patients, CD4+CD29+ cells were increased proportionally to serum Zn2+ (p<0.05) while in diet controlled GD cohort CD45RO+/ CD45RA+ T cells correlated directly with serum Mg (p<0.05) and Zn2+ (p<0.01) while it correlated inversely with serum Cu2+ (p<0.01). Conclusions. The results of the present study show a correlation between trace element deficiency and increased lipid peroxidation in diabetes in pregnancy and lymphocyte activation. Dietary manipulation may, therefore, point to improvement in existing approaches to management of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy.

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Section: Lymphocyte Activationmentioning

confidence: 60%

Trace elements and cell-mediated immunity in gestational and pre-gestational diabetes mellitus at third trimester of pregnancy

Mahmoud¹

2012

AMA

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“…This does not reflect methodological errors, since the same methodology and the same markers proved to be able to define suppressive lymphocyte phenotypes during normal pregnancy (30) and in patients with GuillainBarré syndrome (5) and active phenotypes in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortions (17), polyneuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy (35), multiple sclerosis (36), and preeclampsia (31). Thus, the results of the present study support the notion that the effects of photopheresis should also be investigated by determination of functional properties like cytokine secretion patterns (20) as well as dendritic cell function and dendritic cell-T cell interactions (10,11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Photopheresis on Lymphocyte Population in Children with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes

Ernerudh

Ludvigsson

Berlin

et al. 2004

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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In recent years photopheresis has been claimed to be an effective form of immunomodulation. It has also been shown to have an effect on the disease process at the onset of type 1 diabetes. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study, we analyzed if the effect of photopheresis in children with newly diagnosed diabetes is related to changes in the balance of lymhocyte populations. We also analyzed if lymphocyte subsets were related to recent infection, mild or aggressive disease manifestations, heredity, or gender. Nineteen children received active treatment with photopheresis, while 21 children received sham pheresis (placebo group). No influence of a history of previous infection, heredity, or certain clinical parameters on lymphocyte subsets was found. At the onset of type 1 diabetes, girls showed a higher proportion and a larger number of T cells (CD3 ؉ ) and T-helper cells (CD4 ؉ ) and a higher proportion of naïve CD4 ؉ CD45RA ؉ cells. In the placebo group, an increase in the number of subsets with the activated phenotype in both the CD4 (CD29 ؉ ) and the CD8 (CD11a ؉ ) compartments was noted during the course of the study. These changes did not occur in the photopheresis group. No relation between lymphocyte subsets and clinical outcome was found 1 year after the treatment with photopheresis. In conclusion, we found no major effect of photopheresis on lymphocyte populations in a group of children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. However, in the placebo group the proportions of activated CD4 and CD8 cells increased over time. Since these changes did not occur in the actively treated group, our findings suggest that photopheresis may have some suppressive effects.

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“…Kaskura (19) showed that human pregnancy serum suppresses the reactivity of mixed leukocyte cultures; the inhibitory effect reached its maximum during late pregnancy and disappeared shortly after delivery. T cell proliferation in response to mitogens is also inhibited in the presence of pregnancy sera (20). This led to the evaluation of inhibitory properties of the many known pregnancy-related hormones and factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Pregnancy Suppresses Relapses in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Evidence for a Suppressive Pregancy-Related Serum Factor

Langer‐Gould

Garren

Slansky

et al. 2002

The Journal of Immunology

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Women with multiple sclerosis have significantly diminished disease activity during pregnancy. The purpose of our study was to identify the underlying mechanism for the diminished disease activity. We found that during the period of late pregnancy there is protection against paralysis, during both the induction and effector phases of relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. We did not find any changes in the cytokine secretion profiles or the proliferative activity of autoreactive T cells from mice induced during late pregnancy compared with virgin controls. In mice mated after disease onset, the inflammatory histologic lesions did not clear, despite marked clinical improvement during pregnancy. We found evidence for a serum factor present in late pregnancy that suppresses T cell activation. In the presence of sera taken from mice late in pregnancy, the proliferative response and IL-2 production of proteolipid protein p139–151-specific T cells were significantly diminished as compared with stimulation in the presence of normal mouse sera. In conclusion, serum from late pregnancy has the capacity to down-regulate T cell responses and might be associated with the amelioration of disease activity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

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Lymphocyte Subsets and Mitogen Stimulation of Blood Lymphocytes in Normal Pregnancy

Abstract: During normal pregnancy, a state of systemic suppression of the maternal immune system seems to be present.

Cited by 88 publications

References 50 publications

Trace elements and cell-mediated immunity in gestational and pre-gestational diabetes mellitus at third trimester of pregnancy

Trace elements and cell-mediated immunity in gestational and pre-gestational diabetes mellitus at third trimester of pregnancy

Effect of Photopheresis on Lymphocyte Population in Children with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes

Late Pregnancy Suppresses Relapses in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Evidence for a Suppressive Pregancy-Related Serum Factor

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