Lymphocyte Subsets in the Adrenal Glands of Dogs With Primary Hypoadrenocorticism

Friedenberg, Steven G.; Brown, D L; Meurs, Kathryn M.; Law, Jacqueline

doi:10.1177/0300985816684914

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Disease pathogenesis is similar in dogs and humans [2,[8][9][10]19], with lymphocytic infiltration of adrenal tissue, autoantibody production against adrenocortical antigens and impaired steroidogenesis characterizing AD in both species [19][20][21][22]. Although autoantibodies against adrenal antigens are observed in > 80% of human AD patients [21], providing important diagnostic and predictive information, in dogs, autoantibodies have only been identified in 24% of AD patients [23], indicating limited usefulness as a diagnostic tool for canine AD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characterization of Addison’s disease in Bearded Collies

et al. 2020

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Background Primary hypoadrenocorticism (or Addison’s disease, AD) is an autoimmune disease that results in destruction of the adrenal cortex and consequent adrenal insufficiency. The disease has been described in purebred and mixed breed dogs, although some breeds, including the Bearded Collie, are at increased risk for AD. Candidate gene approaches have yielded few associations that appear to be breed-specific. A single other genome-wide association study reported no significant regions of association for AD in Standard Poodles. The present study aimed to identify genomic regions of association for canine AD in Bearded Collies. Results Our study consists of the first genome-wide association analysis to identify a genome-wide significant region of association with canine AD (CFA18). Peaks of suggestive association were also noted on chromosomes 11, 16 and 29. Logistic regression analysis supported an additive effect of risk genotypes at these smaller effect loci on the probability of disease associated with carrying a risk genotype on CFA18. Potential candidate genes involved in adrenal steroidogenesis, regulation of immune responses and/or inflammation were identified within the associated regions of chromosomes 11 and 16. The gene-poor regions of chromosomes 18 and 29 may, however, harbor regulatory sequences that can modulate gene expression and contribute to disease susceptibility. Conclusion Our findings support the polygenic and complex nature of canine AD and identified a strongly associated locus on CFA18 that, when combined with three other smaller effect loci, was predictive of disease. The results offer progress in the identification of susceptibility loci for canine AD in the Bearded Collie. Further studies are needed to confirm association with the suggested candidate genes and identify actual causative mutations involved with AD susceptibility in this breed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characterization of Addison’s disease in Bearded Collies

et al. 2020

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“…Hypoadrenocorticism (also known as Addison's disease) is a rare chronic disease in dogs, with a reported prevalence between 0.06% and 0.09%. 1,2 It is mostly caused by immune-mediated destruction of the adrenal gland cortex, 3,4 which results in mineral and glucocorticoid deficiency. Clinical signs are initially vague and unspecific (e.g., inappetence, vomiting, diarrhoea, shivering, lethargy), which gave the disease the name 'the great pretender'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of long‐term management of hypoadrenocorticism on the quality of life of affected dogs and their owners

et al. 2022

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Background The treatment of canine adrenal insufficiency consists of hormone substitution and requires high owner compliance and intense human–dog interaction. This might affect the quality of life (QoL) of owners and their pets. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of hypoadrenocorticism and its treatment on the QoL of dogs and their owners. Methods Owners completed a web‐based survey that contained items concerning signalment, owner QoL, dog QoL and long‐term therapy. Results Three hundred and twenty‐two owners participated. Most owners feared an adrenal crisis. Approximately half of the participants reported that the bond between them and their pet increased after diagnosis. Although many participants felt that their own QoL was not affected by their dog's disease, worries about costs and leaving their dog unsupervised were frequently reported. Half of the study participants increased their dog's glucocorticoid doses when a stressful situation was foreseeable (‘boosting’ of therapy). Some administered hydrocortisone, mostly switched from prednisolone, resulting in a reduction in side effects. Conclusions Special attention should be given to glucocorticoid therapy and owner's QoL. The overall worry of an adrenal crisis might increase caregivers’ burden, reducing their overall QoL. Hydrocortisone might be a safe alternative to prednisolone, but further research is necessary to evaluate its long‐term efficacy and safety in dogs.

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“…These findings provide further information regarding the lymphocyte population and deliver corroborative evidence to support non-neoplastic-associated PH being due to autoimmune disease in cats, confirming similarities with the canine disease. 2 , 3 Ideally, further assessment of the T-cell lymphocyte population would have been performed with CD4 + and CD8 + markers. 3 However, these are not currently validated for use in cats in the UK and this remains an area for future research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 2 , 3 Ideally, further assessment of the T-cell lymphocyte population would have been performed with CD4 + and CD8 + markers. 3 However, these are not currently validated for use in cats in the UK and this remains an area for future research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological evaluation of the adrenal glands in a cat with primary hypoadrenocorticism and multiple endocrine disease

Roberts

Dobromylskyj²

2022

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summary A 6-year-old male neutered domestic longhair cat was referred for investigation of weight loss, hyporexia, vomiting and diarrhoea. The cat was diagnosed with primary hypoadrenocorticism, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, cobalamin deficiency and a chronic enteropathy, and started on therapeutic treatment. Diabetes mellitus developed 4.5 months later, and the cat was started on insulin therapy. The cat was euthanased 10 months following the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism due to the development of status epilepticus, which was not associated with glucose or electrolyte abnormalities. Histopathological assessment of the adrenal glands at post-mortem examination documented lymphoplasmacytic adrenalitis, with the lymphocytic population being predominant. Immunohistochemical staining classified the lymphocytic infiltrate as T-cell rich, supportive of the cat’s hypoadrenocorticism being due to autoimmune disease. Relevance and novel information This case documents the novel use of immunohistochemical staining in combination with histopathology to further assess the adrenal glands in non-neoplastic-associated primary hypoadrenocorticism in a cat. This identified similar pathological changes to those previously described in dogs with autoimmune primary hypoadrenocorticism. Additionally, this is the first report of a cat with multiple endocrine disease that included primary hypoadrenocorticism and highlights that monitoring for the development of additional endocrine disease should be advised in these cases.

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Lymphocyte Subsets in the Adrenal Glands of Dogs With Primary Hypoadrenocorticism

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Genetic characterization of Addison’s disease in Bearded Collies

Genetic characterization of Addison’s disease in Bearded Collies

Effect of long‐term management of hypoadrenocorticism on the quality of life of affected dogs and their owners

Histopathological evaluation of the adrenal glands in a cat with primary hypoadrenocorticism and multiple endocrine disease

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