Lymphocyte Trafficking to Mucosal Tissues

Mikhak, Zamaneh; Agace, William W.; Luster, Andrew D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00040-9

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 231 publications

(323 reference statements)

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“…Migration and tissue distribution of lymphocytes and other cell populations depend on expression of integrin and chemokine receptors on cell surfaces and their specific interactions with corresponding ligands on endothelial cells of post-capillary venules (56,71,(75)(76)(77)(78)(79). For sIgA + B cells and LB/PB in peripheral blood and IgA-producing plasma cells in mucosal or systemic lymphoid tissues, precursors of such cells originate in mucosal inductive sites to subsequently populate anatomically remote effector sites (56,71,(75)(76)(77)(78)(79). Expression of homing receptors is profoundly influenced and altered by viruses, including EBV (80)(81)(82)(83)(84).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Epstein-Barr Virus in Pathogenesis and Racial Distribution of IgA Nephropathy

et al. 2020

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IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the dominant type of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. However, IgAN rarely affects African Blacks and is uncommon in African Americans. Polymeric IgA1 with galactose-deficient hinge-region glycans is recognized as auto-antigen by glycan-specific antibodies, leading to formation of circulating immune complexes with nephritogenic consequences. Because human B cells infected in vitro with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) secrete galactose-deficient IgA1, we examined peripheral blood B cells from adult IgAN patients, and relevant controls, for the presence of EBV and their phenotypic markers. We found that IgAN patients had more lymphoblasts/plasmablasts that were surface-positive for IgA, infected with EBV, and displayed increased expression of homing receptors for targeting the upper respiratory tract. Upon polyclonal stimulation, these cells produced more galactose-deficient IgA1 than did cells from healthy controls. Unexpectedly, in healthy African Americans, EBV was detected preferentially in surface IgM-and IgD-positive cells. Importantly, most African Blacks and African Americans acquire EBV within 2 years of birth. At that time, the IgA system is naturally deficient, manifested as low serum IgA levels and few IgA-producing cells. Consequently, EBV infects cells secreting immunoglobulins other than IgA. Our novel data implicate Epstein-Barr virus infected IgA + cells as the source of galactose-deficient IgA1 and basis for expression of relevant homing receptors. Moreover, the temporal sequence of racial-specific differences in Epstein-Barr virus infection as related to the naturally delayed maturation of the IgA system explains the racial disparity in the prevalence of IgAN.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Epstein-Barr Virus in Pathogenesis and Racial Distribution of IgA Nephropathy

et al. 2020

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“…For example, the enteric route predominantly generates responses in the gastro-intestinal tract, whereas the nasal route predominantly generates responses in the respiratory tract and salivary glands (7). The reasons for these differential distributions lie in the imprinting of the T and B cells induced in the respective inductive sites, the gutassociated lymphoid tissues (GALT, such as the intestinal Peyer's patches) or NALT, with "homing" receptors including specific integrins and chemokine receptors specific for the target tissues (20). In practical terms this means that intranasal immunization should be an effective means of generating predominantly SIgA antibody responses in the URT and LRT, where SARS-CoV-2 could be neutralized and eliminated without inflammatory consequences.…”

Section: The Role Of Mucosal Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal Immunity in COVID-19: A Neglected but Critical Aspect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2020

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The mucosal immune system is the largest component of the entire immune system, having evolved to provide protection at the main sites of infectious threat: the mucosae. As SARS-CoV-2 initially infects the upper respiratory tract, its first interactions with the immune system must occur predominantly at the respiratory mucosal surfaces, during both inductive and effector phases of the response. However, almost all studies of the immune response in COVID-19 have focused exclusively on serum antibodies and systemic cell-mediated immunity including innate responses. This article proposes that there is a significant role for mucosal immunity and for secretory as well as circulating IgA antibodies in COVID-19, and that it is important to elucidate this in order to comprehend especially the asymptomatic and mild states of the infection, which appear to account for the majority of cases. Moreover, it is possible that mucosal immunity can be exploited for beneficial diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic purposes.

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“…Very few is known about the molecules involved in the homing process in the nasal mucosa, the lymphocytes have an established circuit, where continually migrate through the bloodstream to the lymph nodes crossing the endothelial vessel wall in a process called transendothelial migration, if these cells do not find a related antigen in lymphatic nodes (LNs) they return to the bloodstream to continue searching, but when they find an antigen, they proliferate within the LN, becoming effector lymphocytes. 33 Migration molecules like adhesins, adressins and cytokines are highly important as they control many immune cells that can migrate to the infection site and stop the infection. For example, homing in Peyer Patches (PP) is well characterized, it has been shown that the MAdCAM-1 mucosal vascular adhesin plays an important role in the traffic of naive T and B lymphocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 250‐kDa glycoprotein of Naegleria fowleri induces protection and modifies the expression of α4β1 and LFA‐1 on T and B lymphocytes in mouse meningitis model

Castillo-Ramírez

Carrasco-Yépez

Rodríguez-Mera

et al. 2021

Parasite Immunology

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The aims of this work were to evaluate the protective role of the 250-kDa polypeptide band of Naegleria fowleri. We designed an immunization strategy in Balb/c mice which were inoculated by i.n. route with an electrocuted 250-kDa polypeptide band of N. fowleri. We observed that the 250-kDa band induced 80% of protection, whereas the coadministration with Cholera Toxin induced 100% of protection. Moreover, high levels of IgA-and IgG-specific antibodies were detected by ELISA assay. We also analysed migration molecules (α4β1 and LFA-1) on T and B lymphocytes in noseassociated lymphoid tissue (NALT), cervical lymph nodes (CN) and nasal passages (NP) by flow cytometry. We observed that the percentage of B cells (B220/α4β1) and T cells (CD4/α4β1) in NP were higher in all immunized groups compared with the other compartments analysed. Finally, we detected by immunohistochemistry ICAM-1 and V-CAM-1 in the nasal cavity. The immunization with the 250-kDa polypeptide band, protect mice against N. fowleri challenge and modifies migration molecules and their ligands.

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Lymphocyte Trafficking to Mucosal Tissues

Cited by 11 publications

References 231 publications

Role of Epstein-Barr Virus in Pathogenesis and Racial Distribution of IgA Nephropathy

Role of Epstein-Barr Virus in Pathogenesis and Racial Distribution of IgA Nephropathy

Mucosal Immunity in COVID-19: A Neglected but Critical Aspect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

A 250‐kDa glycoprotein of Naegleria fowleri induces protection and modifies the expression of α4β1 and LFA‐1 on T and B lymphocytes in mouse meningitis model

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