Lymphoma in HIV patients: Varied presentations

Saple, D. G.; Shah, Ira; Surjushe, Amar; Murthy, Anuradha; Chudgar, Priya; Gote, Prashant

doi:10.4103/0971-5851.68854

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…[ 93 ] Although lymphomas have been reported in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, they have rarely been reported from the Indian subcontinent. [ 94 ] Given huge population of people living with HIV and high incidence of EBV in these individuals,[ 81 ] closer attention should be paid; the wide spectrum of changes in AIDS-related lymphadenopathy requires recognition.…”

Section: Epstein–barr Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Herpesviruses as Copathogens of HIV Infection, Their Role in HIV Transmission, and Disease Progression

Munawwar

Singh

2016

J Lab Physicians

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Of eight human herpesviruses (HHVs), often, only herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) find mention in medical literature as both of these viruses are commonly associated with genital lesions and oral ulcers, commonly known as cold sores. However, role of human herpesviruses as copathogens and in aggravation and in the transmission of other human diseases, especially the Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has only very recently been recognized. Therefore, screening and treating subclinical HHV infections may offer slowing of HIV infection, disease progression, and its transmission. Beside HSV-1 and HSV-2, HHV-3 a causative agent of herpes zoster remained one of the first manifestations of HIV disease before the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HHV-5 also known as human Cytomegalovirus infection remains a significant risk factor for HIV-associated mortality and morbidity even in HAART era. It is proposed that Cytomegalovirus viremia could be a better predictor of HIV disease progression than CD4+ T-lymphocyte count. The role of HHV-4 or Epstein–Burr virus and HHV-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8 is still being investigated in HIV disease progression. This review provides insight into the current understanding about these 8 HHVs, their co-pathogenesis, and role in HIV/AIDS disease progression. The review also covers recent literature in favor and against administering anti-HHV treatment along with HAART for slower AIDS progression and interrupted sexual transmission.

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Section: Epstein–barr Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Herpesviruses as Copathogens of HIV Infection, Their Role in HIV Transmission, and Disease Progression

Munawwar

Singh

2016

J Lab Physicians

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“…In this presentation, a young female patient with a simultaneous presence of Kaposi sarcoma and CNS lymphoma was examined. Saple et al [9] presented three HIV-infected cases with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, plasmablastic variety, Hodgkin's lymphoma, nodular sclerosis type II, and B-cell lymphoma. However, none of them presented other simultaneous malignancies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concomitant cancers in AIDS patients: a case report from Iran

Tabarsi¹,

Nasirian²,

Marjani³

et al. 2023

HIV & AIDS Review

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are worldwide problems that lead to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Malignancies are important causes of death among patients; lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma are the most common malignancies in HIV-positive and AIDS patients, but concurrence of these cancers in the same patient has rarely been reported.We present a 33-year-old female patient who had been diagnosed with an AIDS-related high-grade central nervous system lymphoma, based on results of stereotactic biopsy, and had undergone radiotherapy and combined antiretroviral therapy. She was referred to our center with a productive cough, bilateral lung nodules, and skin lesion. Computed tomography-guided biopsies of skin lesion and pulmonary nodules were compatible with Kaposi sarcoma. Patient's pulmonary nodules and skin lesion resolved over the course of therapy, based on imaging findings; her brain lesions did not progress.These findings suggest that dual malignancies related to HIV infection can occur in patients who are receiving antiretroviral therapy and have virologic suppression.To our knowledge, concomitant malignancies in HIV-positive or AIDS patients are rare, and the authors would like to advocate the assessment of dual cancers among these patients to optimize therapeutic course and outcome.

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“…Lymphomas are the second commonest malignancies after Kaposi’s sarcoma in the HIV-infected subpopulation. It is estimated that one out of five patients who are HIV seropositive will develop NHL in their lifetime [ 6 ]. HIV-associated NHL and in particular DLBLC are known for their atypical presentation, aggressive ability, widespread involvement, poor response to chemotherapy, and high relapse rates which complicates both the diagnosis and management [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma in a woman who is human immunodeficiency virus positive presenting with superior vena cava syndrome: a case report

Pallangyo¹,

Nicholaus²,

Lyimo

et al. 2017

J Med Case Reports

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BackgroundThe risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma is increased 200-fold in individuals seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus compared to those free from human immunodeficiency virus. Human immunodeficiency virus-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma is known for its atypical presentation, aggressive ability, widespread involvement, poor response to chemotherapy, and high relapse potential which makes both the diagnosis and management a difficult undertaking especially in resource-poor settings.Case presentationWe report a case of primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma in a 46-year-old woman of African descent who is human immunodeficiency virus positive who presented with symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome. Her past medical history was remarkable for a 23-year history of systemic hypertension and a 10-year history of human immunodeficiency virus infection. A physical examination revealed an underweight woman with right-sided facial, neck, upper limb, and trunk swelling together with distended veins on her chest and abdomen draining downwards. A respiratory examination revealed a reduced chest expansion, stony dull percussion note, and absent breath sounds on her entire right side with a left-sided tracheal deviation. She had a CD4 count of 146 cells/μL. A chest X-ray revealed a homogenous opacification on her right side with a left-sided tracheal deviation while a computed tomography scan of her chest revealed a solid mass on her right side. An echocardiogram showed a huge well-circumscribed mass (4.6×3.3 cm) with spontaneous echocardiographic contrast compressing her heart inferiorly. She had severe pulmonary hypertension (right ventricular systolic pressure 58 mmHg) but preserved left ventricular systolic function, no thrombus was seen, and her pericardium was normal. A computed tomography angiography of her aorta ruled out an aortic aneurysm. Finally, she underwent mediastinoscopy and a direct biopsy of the mass was taken for histopathology. Hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated a dense lymphoid infiltrate of large malignant cells with pleomorphic nuclei in clusters, compartmentalized by fine bands of fibrosis, and frequent mitoses were present. A diagnosis of mediastinal large B cell lymphoma was reached.ConclusionsThe presence of a mediastinal widening coupled with a history of unintentional yet significant weight loss in an individual who is human immunodeficiency virus seropositive should raise an index of suspicion for lymphomas and warrant aggressive investigations and timely management.

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Lymphoma in HIV patients: Varied presentations

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Human Herpesviruses as Copathogens of HIV Infection, Their Role in HIV Transmission, and Disease Progression

Human Herpesviruses as Copathogens of HIV Infection, Their Role in HIV Transmission, and Disease Progression

Concomitant cancers in AIDS patients: a case report from Iran

Primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma in a woman who is human immunodeficiency virus positive presenting with superior vena cava syndrome: a case report

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