Lymphopenia Caused by Virus Infections and the Mechanisms Beyond

Guo, Zijing; Zhang, Zhidong; Prajapati, Meera; Li, Yanmin

doi:10.3390/v13091876

Cited by 71 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 185 publications

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“…In order to converge to analyses done in humans, we monitored the kinetic of  T lymphocytes longitudinally, in blood samples from TCRα -/mice taken post primary and secondary MCMVinfection. In accord with previous findings, the first phase of infection was marked by a drop in  T cell numbers, likely related to virus-driven lymphopenia (Fig 1C) [28,30]). Then,  T cell counts increased back to normal levels, reaching a peak at day 21.…”

Section:  T Cell Response To Secondary MCMV Challenge Is Faster Hig...supporting

confidence: 92%

Long-lived central memory γδ T cells confer protection against murine cytomegalovirus reinfection

Yared

Papadopoulou

Netzer

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a widespread, latent virus that can cause severe organ disease in immune-compromised patients. Anti-CMV memory immune responses are essential to control viral reactivation and/or reinfection events that commonly take place in solid organ transplantation. The role of γδ T-cell receptor bearing lymphocytes could be crucial in this context where immunosuppressive/ablative treatments cause suboptimal and/or delayed αβ T cell responses. Here we asked whether γδ T cells could compensate for the absence of αβ T cells in the long-term control of mouse CMV infection. Three months post-primary viral challenge in αβ-T cell deficient mice, γδ T cells displayed similar features as cytolytic, CMV-specific αβ CD8 T cells. We showed that previous priming with CMV endowed γδ T cells with an enhanced antiviral potential and that long-term maintenance of γδ-mediated antiviral protection was dependent on γδ central memory T cells (TCM). The γδ T cell response to a secondary CMV challenge was dependent on γδ TCR-signaling and generated a private TCR δ repertoire as observed in human. Our results sustain the adaptive-like properties of these unconventional T cells and reveal the interest of targeting γδ TCM subset in novel antiviral vaccination approaches.

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Section:  T Cell Response To Secondary MCMV Challenge Is Faster Hig...supporting

confidence: 92%

Long-lived central memory γδ T cells confer protection against murine cytomegalovirus reinfection

Yared

Papadopoulou

Netzer

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Viral infections leading to lymphopenia have been widely reported, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [32], Ebola virus (EBOV) [33], human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [34], measles virus (MV) [35], influenza A virus (IAV) [36], and African swine fever virus (ASFV) [37]. Recent studies have indicated that lymphopenia was associated with the disease severity of patients, because individuals who died of SARS-CoV-2 and EBOV infection had expressively lower lymphocyte counts than survivors [38,39]. During FMDV infection, more profound lymphopenia was more prone to be induced by more virulent strains (O1 Campos, O Taiwan 97, A24 Cruzeiro, C3 Resende, and Cs8C1) than the less virulent strains (O SK 2000 and A12) [3,4,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin-10-Mediated Lymphopenia Caused by Acute Infection with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Mice

Guo

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is characterized by a pronounced lymphopenia that is associated with immune suppression. However, the mechanisms leading to lymphopenia remain unclear. In this study, the number of total CD4+, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and NK cells in the peripheral blood were dramatically reduced in C57BL/6 mice infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O, and it was noted that mice with severe clinical symptoms had expressively lower lymphocyte counts than mice with mild or without clinical symptoms, indicating that lymphopenia was associated with disease severity. A further analysis revealed that lymphocyte apoptosis and trafficking occurred after FMDV infection. In addition, coinhibitory molecules were upregulated in the expression of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from FMDV-infected mice, including CTLA-4, LAG-3, 2B4, and TIGIT. Interestingly, the elevated IL-10 in the serum was correlated with the appearance of lymphopenia during FMDV infection but not IL-6, IL-2, IL-17, IL-18, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-α/β, TGF-β, and CXCL1. Knocking out IL-10 (IL-10-/-) mice or blocking IL-10/IL-10R signaling in vivo was able to prevent lymphopenia via downregulating apoptosis, trafficking, and the coinhibitory expression of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, which contribute to enhance the survival of mice infected with FMDV. Our findings support that blocking IL-10/IL-10R signaling may represent a novel therapeutic approach for FMD.

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“…This has been mainly postulated to be linked to its direct suppression of the hematopoietic stem cells [ 24 ]. Another plausible mechanism of COVID-19-induced lymphopenia is a series of metabolic derangements including increased serum lactate levels [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Absolute Lymphocyte Count as Early Diagnostic Tools for Corona Virus Disease 2019

Shahid¹,

Malik²,

Siddiqi³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Background and objectivesIn comparison to real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, blood-related parameters including absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) carry an indeterminate potential in the assessment of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our main objective was to assess their efficacy in timely identification of COVID-19 patients and to determine whether these biomarkers can be employed as an early diagnostic tool in patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19. MethodologyThis cross-sectional study was conducted at the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan from November 2020 to March 2021. Patients suspected to have COVID-19 on a clinical basis (fever, cough or shortness of breath) were selected by using convenience non-probability sampling. RT-PCR was used to diagnose COVID-19 after evaluating NLR and ALC of the sample population.An NLR = 3.5 and ALC < 1 x 10 3 cells/mm 3 was considered as the cut-off value. Statistical analysis was conducted via SPSS 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Chi-square and independent t-tests were used to correlate various data variables, while p-value <0.05 was considered significant. ResultsOut of the 172 subjects included in the study, the mean age was 40.6 ± 10.0 years, while 51% of individuals were males. Fever was found to be the most prevalent complaint (94%). Double RT-PCR testing showed that 51.2% of the population was RT-PCR positive, having a mean ALC of 1.4 ± 0.9 x 10 3 /mm 3 , significantly lower than RT-PCR negative cases (p < 0.001). In addition, NLR was drastically elevated for RT-PCR-positive individuals (p < 0.001) while it also had a distinctly high specificity of 91.7% among COVID-19 patients. Additionally, NLR did not correlate with any of the baseline patient-related parameters (presenting complaint, age, and gender). ConclusionNLR and ALC are potentially efficacious measures for an early diagnosis of COVID-19, and can be possibly utilized for an early diagnosis of COVID-19 suspects.

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Lymphopenia Caused by Virus Infections and the Mechanisms Beyond

Cited by 71 publications

References 185 publications

Long-lived central memory γδ T cells confer protection against murine cytomegalovirus reinfection

Long-lived central memory γδ T cells confer protection against murine cytomegalovirus reinfection

Interleukin-10-Mediated Lymphopenia Caused by Acute Infection with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Mice

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Absolute Lymphocyte Count as Early Diagnostic Tools for Corona Virus Disease 2019

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