Abstract. Structural properties of paeonol-encapsulated liposomes containing cholesterol or stigmasterol at 37°C have been investigated by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) techniques. We compared the structural properties of pure dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes, sterol-DPPC liposomes, and those of paeonol-sterol-DPPC liposomes at different molar ratios. Three conclusions can be drawn: First, phase separation occurs in both sterol-DPPC and paeonol-sterol-DPPC liposomes. Second, the incorporation of paeonol molecules into sterol-DPPC liposomes weakens the membrane order. Third, cholesterol has a stronger tendency to interact with DPPC as compared to its counterpart in plant, stigmasterol.