“…A known PTM of actin is acetylation, performed by aminopeptidases that remove the N -terminal methionine and modify the immediate subsequent amino acids (Rubenstein and Martin, 1983). The ubiquitination of actin (arthrin) has been reported in arthropods (Bullard et al , 1985; Burgess et al , 2004) and in PfACT1 (Field et al , 1993; González-López et al , 2017). Other PTMs such as arginylation (Karakozova et al , 2006), phosphorylation (Kishi et al , 1998; Gu et al , 2003), carbonylation (Castro et al , 2012), s -nitrosylation (Lu et al , 2009), methylation (Nyman et al , 2002), glutathionylation (Sakai et al , 2012) and sumoylation (Alonso et al , 2015) were characterized in actin.…”