Lysine as a muscle cation in potassium deficiency

Eckel, Robert E.; Pope, Charles E.; Norris, James E

doi:10.1016/0003-9861(54)90118-6

Cited by 25 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Black and Milne (13) estimated that their human subjects had an intracellular retention of phosphate relative to the potassium lost and found an increase in acid-soluble phosphate in erythrocytes. The possibility that in potassium depletion, amino acids, notably lysine, may function as cation replacement has been presented (30). All of these observations suggest that the increment in intracellular hydrogen ion concentration (7) which apparently develops in potassium depletion parallel to the extracellular metabolic alkalosis cannot be simply described by the discrepancy between potassium lost and sodium gained intracellularly but may also be related to changes in the concentration and valency of intracellular anions and to the functioning of amino acids as cations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Potassium Depletion in Normal Human Subjects. Ii. Renal and Hormonal Factors in the Development of Extracellular Alkalosis During Depletion*

Huth¹,

Squires²,

Elkinton³

1959

J. Clin. Invest.

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In the preceding paper (1) experimental depletion of potassium in normal human subjects did not produce an extracellular metabolic alkalosis of the severity which usually occurs in patients with comparable potassium deficits. Much investigative study has been applied to this association but, because of the many factors involved in such patients, the relative importance of such factors in the etiology of this association in man remains unclear.Most of our knowledge of the metabolic derangements induced in mammals by potassium depletion has come from studies in rats (2-12). The depletion in rats is usually accompanied by metabolic alkalosis of varying severity. A hypothesis accounting for the alkalosis has been formulated by Darrow, Cooke and coworkers (2-4) and has been given additional support by the studies of Orloff, Kennedy and Berliner (9). In brief, the loss of potassium from cells is replaced in part by hydrogen ion from extracellular fluid, the latter shift resulting in an intracellular acidosis and an extracellular alkalosis. This primary cellular distortion of acid-base equilibrium is then maintained by the kidney by an enhancement of tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate over that of chloride and the excretion of a relatively acid urine. In these rat studies the absence or presence and degree of alkalosis appear to be related to many variables including the duration and severity of the depletion, the protein content of the diet, the acidbase composition of the diet and the use of desoxycorticosterone in promoting depletion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Potassium Depletion in Normal Human Subjects. Ii. Renal and Hormonal Factors in the Development of Extracellular Alkalosis During Depletion*

Huth¹,

Squires²,

Elkinton³

1959

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The difficulty of accurate measurement of aldosterone is still a great obstacle for this type of research. Intracellularly, the potassium loss and its replace ment by sodium and hydrogen ions, plus the suggested increase in free amino acids, produce an excess in cation concentration (Eckel et al, 1954;Frenk et al, 1957) which favors intracellular overhydration. The chloride space in poorly nourished hypoalbuminemic children is expanded (Cheek, 1954) as is the sodium space and total exchangeable sodium (Gomirato-Sandrucci and Mussa, 1960).…”

Section: Physiology and Biochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Aspects of Protein Malnutrition

Viteri

Behar

Arroyave

et al. 1964

Mammalian Protein Metabolism

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Potassium Deficiency on the Free Amino Acid Pattern of the Muscle Tissue of Protein-Maintained Fundulus Heteroclitus ,

Hanlon

1960

The Biological Bulletin

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In this investigation the effect of a low potassium environment on the free amino acid pattern of the skeletal muscle tissue of the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, has been studied in an attempt to determine if the changes observed in the potassium-deficient rat (Eckel, Pope and Norris, 1954;Iacobellis, Muntwyler and Dodgen, 1956) could also be found in other members of the vertebrate subphylum. Apparently the rat, but not the dog (Iacobellis, Griffen and Muntwyler, 1957), is capable of replacing part of an intracellular loss of potassium ions with organic cations in the form of basic amino acids, provided a sufficient amount of protein is included in the diet. Amino acids which could serve to restore an intracellular cation-anion balance include lysine, arginine, and histidine. All three carry a net positive charge at body pH. This study, therefore, was made to determine if an intracellular organic cation replacement occurs in potassium-deficient Fundulus and, if so, which basic amino acids are responsible for the replacement of the lost potassium. Methods Killifish {Fundulus heteroclitus) were trapped in the brackish water of the Oyster River near Durham early in August of 1958 and transported to the laboratory where they were placed in a large aquarium containing artificially prepared 50% sea water (salinity = 18 parts per thousand). The formula followed was taken from the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole manual, "Formulae and Methods, IV," 1954. After a three-day period of adjustment, one-half of the animals was left in 50% sea water to serve as controls, whereas the other half was placed in an adjacent aquarium also containing 50% artificial sea water but lacking potassium ions. Control and potassium-deficient animals were maintained on a diet of powdered, crude casein.At the end of a two-week period animals were removed from each aquarium and their tissues prepared for paper chromatography. In order to obtain 10 grams of skeletal muscle tissue in each case it was necessary to sacrifice 7 control Fundulus and 8 potassium-deficient Fundulus. The fish were skinned and filleted. Ten grams of muscle were macerated in a Waring Blendor, using about 100 ml. of 959S ethanol. After 5 minutes of blending at a moderate speed the liquid was heteroclitus." The Biological bulletin 118, 79-83.

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Lysine as a muscle cation in potassium deficiency

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

Experimental Potassium Depletion in Normal Human Subjects. Ii. Renal and Hormonal Factors in the Development of Extracellular Alkalosis During Depletion*

Experimental Potassium Depletion in Normal Human Subjects. Ii. Renal and Hormonal Factors in the Development of Extracellular Alkalosis During Depletion*

Clinical Aspects of Protein Malnutrition

The Effect of Potassium Deficiency on the Free Amino Acid Pattern of the Muscle Tissue of Protein-Maintained Fundulus Heteroclitus ,

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