Lysine assisted hydrothermal synthesis and formation process of MoO3:Sm3+ phosphors with hierarchical structures and its electron trapping luminescence properties

Dual substitution of host lattice ions to enhance the luminescence properties of Zn2TiO4:Cr3+ phosphor

“…The main reason for the intensity change was the concentration quenching effect. The following formula was used to analyze the cause of concentration quenching [46–48]: $$$$ {R}_c=2{\left(\frac{3V}{4{\pi x}_cN}\right)}^{\frac{1}{3}} $$$$ where, R c is the critical distance, V is the cell volume, x c is the optimum concentration of doping ions, and N is the number of replaceable sites in the unit cell. From the refined data of ZLTN:0.005Cr 3+ , V = 608.37 Å 3 , N = 8, x c = 0.005.…”