“…Moreover, the incorporation of free ε -amino groups on the surface, by using PEG -lysine conjugates, rendered the surface capable of dissolving fi brin clots because of adsorption of the fi brinolytic protein, plasminogen, from blood plasma [70] . Similar studies in the past had shown that polyurethane surfaces coated with a lysine -derivatized acrylamide polymer dissolved fi brin clots by a ready conversion of the adsorbed plasminogen to plasmin in the presence of tissue -plasminogen activator ( TPA ) [71] . The design of these lysine -based anticlotting coatings is based on the fact that surfaces incorporating a high density of lysine residues, in which the ε -amino groups are free, are capable of selective adsorption of plasminogen from blood plasma (up to a level of 1.2 μ g cm − 2 , corresponding to a compact monolayer of plasminogen), and virtually no other proteins [72] .…”