LysM Receptor-Like Kinase and LysM Receptor-Like Protein Families: An Update on Phylogeny and Functional Characterization

Abstract

Members of plant specific families of receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs), containing 3 extracellular LysMs have been shown to directly bind and/or to be involved in perception of lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCO), chitooligosaccharides (CO), and peptidoglycan (PGN), three types of GlcNAc-containing molecules produced by microorganisms. These receptors are involved in microorganism perception by plants and can activate different plant responses leading either to symbiosis establishment or to defense responses against pathogens. LysM-RLK/Ps belong to multigenic families. Here, we provide a phylogeny of these families in eight plant species, including dicotyledons and monocotyledons, and we discuss known or putative biological roles of the members in each of the identified phylogenetic groups. We also report and discuss known biochemical properties of the LysM-RLK/Ps.

Sinorhizobium meliloti succinylated high‐molecular‐weight succinoglycan and the Medicago truncatula LysM receptor‐like kinase MtLYK10 participate independently in symbiotic infection

“…So far, the few LysM‐RLKs that have been characterized in different plant species have mostly been linked to roles in recognizing chitin oligomers or lipo‐chitooligosaccharides, but as pointed out by Kawaharada et al (), such proteins have LysM domains that are quite divergent from those of MtLYK10/LjEPR3 homologs. With the notable exception of Arabidopsis thaliana (Buendia et al , ), these MtLYK10/LjEPR3 homologs are widespread in Angiosperms. Interestingly, some dicot species have two copies of this gene as the result of ancient duplications (Figure S6), followed potentially by neofunctionalization or subfunctionalization.…”

“…MtLYK10 homologs were found from Buendia et al () and from NCBI blasts. Synteny was verified using Phytozome (https://phytozome.jgi.doe.gov), SoyBase (https://www.soybase.org) and the Legume Information System, lis (http://legumeinfo.org).…”

“…We also aimed to determine how these rhizobial mutants and the LMW succinoglycan‐deficient strains interact with M. truncatula plants carrying a mutation in a LysM‐receptor‐like kinase (LysM‐RLK), MtLYK10 (Medtr5g033490). This plant protein is the ortholog of the exopolysaccharide receptor 3 (EPR3) protein from the determinate‐nodule‐forming legume Lotus japonicus (Buendia et al , ). In the symbiotic interaction between the L. japonicus ecotype 'Gifu' and its symbiont Mesorhizobium loti R7A, M. loti EPS facilitates more efficient infection thread formation and nodulation, but EPS is not strictly required for symbiosis (Kelly et al , ).…”

ASolanum lycopersicoidesreference genome facilitates biological discovery in tomato

“…Related specifically to effector-triggered immunity, SGT1 exists in four copies (one being unplaced) but only two in the case of S. pennellii and domesticated tomato and there is a dramatic expansion of NLR receptor-encoding genes. Other genes encoding LysM-RLKs, which are typically involved in symbiosis or defense response, depending on species (Buendia et al , 2018) , were expanded in S. lycopersicoides (Solyd02g078930, Solyd09g070440).…”

Natural variation at OsCERK1 regulates arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in rice

“…Some genes involved in the so‐called common symbiosis signalling pathway (CSSP) are required for both RNS and AMS (Gutjahr et al ., ; Bonfante & Genre, ). Phylogenetic analysis of the lysine‐motif (LysM) domain‐containing receptor‐like kinase (LYK) family indicated that the plant perception of mycorrhizal fungal (Myc factor) and rhizobial (Nod factor) lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs) share the same evolutionary origin (Buendia et al ., ). Overall functional analysis of components of the CSSP supports the current notion that RNS originates from the more ancient AMS (Oldroyd, ).…”