LysM receptors in Coffea arabica: Identification, characterization, and gene expression in response to Hemileia vastatrix

Abstract

Pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) localized on the host plasma membrane. These receptors activate a broad-spectrum and durable defense, which are desired characteristics for disease resistance in plant breeding programs. In this study, candidate sequences for PRRs with lysin motifs (LysM) were investigated in the Coffea arabica genome. For this, approaches based on the principle of sequence similarity, conservation of motifs and domains, phylogenetic analysis, and modulation of gene expression in response to Hemileia vastatrix were used. The candidate sequences for PRRs in C. arabica (Ca1-LYP, Ca2-LYP, Ca1-CERK1, Ca2-CERK1, Ca-LYK4, Ca1-LYK5 and Ca2-LYK5) showed high similarity with the reference PRRs used: Os-CEBiP, At-CERK1, At-LYK4 and At-LYK5. Moreover, the ectodomains of these sequences showed high identity or similarity with the reference sequences, indicating structural and functional conservation. The studied sequences are also phylogenetically related to the reference PRRs described in Arabidopsis, rice, and other plant species. All candidates for receptors had their expression induced after the inoculation with H. vastatrix, since the first time of sampling at 6 hours post‐inoculation (hpi). At 24 hpi, there was a significant increase in expression, for most of the receptors evaluated, and at 48 hpi, a suppression. The results showed that the candidate sequences for PRRs in the C. arabica genome display high homology with fungal PRRs already described in the literature. Besides, they respond to pathogen inoculation and seem to be involved in the perception or signaling of fungal chitin, acting as receptors or co-receptors of this molecule. These findings represent an advance in the understanding of the basal immunity of this species.

Genome-wide analysis of LysM gene family members and their expression in response to Colletotrichum fructicola infection in Octoploid strawberry(Fragaria × ananassa)

“…However, these PRRs, together with some other PRR genes such as FaLysM2 , FaLysM5 , FaLysM7 , FaLysM8 , FaLysM12 , and FaLysM14 , were downregulated at the late stage of infection. A recent study also showed the elevated expression levels of candidate LysM genes at 6 to 24 hpi, followed by a decrease at 48 hpi, in Coffea arabica infected with Hemileia vastatrix ( Santos et al., 2022 ). These results describe that most PRR genes exhibit an initial stimulus with subsequent suppression upon fungus infection.…”

“…A similar function was also proved for Magnaporthe oryzae Slp1 and Mycosphaerella graminicola Mg3LysM ( Marshall et al., 2011 ; Mentlak et al., 2012 ). The inhibition of PRR expression may be associated with the suppression of PTI signaling ( Santos et al., 2022 ). From our transcriptome data, we chose the significantly upregulated LysM effector gene CfLysM2 during C .…”

Analysis of Resistance to Fungal Pathogen Hemileia Vastatrix of Liberica Coffee Based on Functional Marker

“…Resistance Gene Analog(s) (RGA) sequences to distinguish between resistant and susceptible Arabica coffee plants to H. vastatrix based on presence or absence of PCR product (Alvarenga et al, 2011). A number of studies on mechanism of coffee plants resistance against CLR disease primarily have focused on Arabica and Robusta (Cao et al, 2013;Pestana et al, 2015;Jibat, 2020;Santos et al, 2022;Silva et al, 2022).…”

Expression of Genes Involved in Anthracnose Resistance in Chili (Capsicum baccatum) ‘PBC80’-Derived Recombinant Inbred Lines

“…Pathogen recognition by cell-surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is the earliest response event of a plant host that initially induces defense mechanisms to inhibit the pathogen invasion. Studies in rice [13] and coffee [14] revealed that plants could promptly recognize fungal infection and activate defense activities through the early expressions of the PRRs before a full development of fungal appressorium around 5-6 h after inoculation. In chili anthracnose, the causal pathogen Colletotrichum was demonstrated to produce appressoria as early as 6 h after inoculation [15].…”