Lysogenic Conversion of Staphylococci to Loss of  -Toxin

Winkler, Kurt; Waart, J. de; Grootsen, C.; Zegers, B. J. M.; Tellier, N. F.; Vertregt, C. D.

doi:10.1099/00221287-39-3-321

Cited by 91 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This is, however, not the common situation even in staphylococcal phages (38). phi13 was the first staphylococcal phage associated with positive (staphylokinase) and negative (betatoxin) phage conversion (222). The negative phage conversion occurred because phi13 integrated into the beta-toxin, leading to gene inactivation (46).…”

Section: Staphylococcus Aureusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophage Genomics

Canchaya

Proux

Fournous

et al. 2003

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

637

621

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The majority of the bacterial genome sequences deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database contain prophage sequences. Analysis of the prophages suggested that after being integrated into bacterial genomes, they undergo a complex decay process consisting of inactivating point mutations, genome rearrangements, modular exchanges, invasion by further mobile DNA elements, and massive DNA deletion. We review the technical difficulties in defining such altered prophage sequences in bacterial genomes and discuss theoretical frameworks for the phage-bacterium interaction at the genomic level. The published genome sequences from three groups of eubacteria (low- and high-G+C gram-positive bacteria and γ-proteobacteria) were screened for prophage sequences. The prophages from Streptococcus pyogenes served as test case for theoretical predictions of the role of prophages in the evolution of pathogenic bacteria. The genomes from further human, animal, and plant pathogens, as well as commensal and free-living bacteria, were included in the analysis to see whether the same principles of prophage genomics apply for bacteria living in different ecological niches and coming from distinct phylogenetical affinities. The effect of selection pressure on the host bacterium is apparently an important force shaping the prophage genomes in low-G+C gram-positive bacteria and γ-proteobacteria

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Section: Staphylococcus Aureusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophage Genomics

Canchaya

Proux

Fournous

et al. 2003

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

637

621

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“…aureus strain no. 57 (Winkler et al, 1965) was used as indicator strain. When employed as indicators, strains were grown in broth for 24 hr at 37°C before being spread on plates.…”

Section: Phage Inductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysogeny In Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

Verhoef¹,

Boven²,

Winkler³

1971

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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C o A GU LA s E -NE G A T I v E staphylococci (Staphylococcus epidermidis) are generally considered non-pathogenic. Recently, however, they have been associated with an increasing number of infections complicating cardiac surgery and ventriculo-atrial shunt operations for the treatment of hydrocephalus (Quinn, Cox and Fisher, 1965;Holt, 1969). In most of these cases the route of infection has not been established, nor is it clear whether the hospital is the source of the causative organisms.To obtain a better understanding of the host-parasite relation and the epidemiology in the hospital environment of coagulase-negative staphylococci, a typing system to characterise individual strains seems highly desirable. Classification by means of biochemical tests according to the system proposed by Baird-Parker (1 963) has recently given encouraging results in distinguishing between strains of Staph. epidermidis (Bentley et al., 1968;Holt).Phage-typing proved to be of considerable value in the study of Staph. aureus infections. The typing phages were isolated from lysogenic Staph. aureus strains and in general do not lyse coagulase-negative staphylococci. Phages active on coagulase-negative staphylococci have been described (Rountree, 1947;Rippon, 1956 ;Comtois, 1962), but lysogeny in coagulasenegative staphylococci has been demonstrated only rarely (Karska et al., 1960;Comtois). The occurrence of lysogenic Staph. epiderrnidis strains was studied systematically to evaluate the possibility of obtaining phages suitable for typing purposes. MATERIALS AND METHODSStrains Coagulase-negative staphylococci were collected from staff, patients and air in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital, Utrecht, from medical students that had not yet been in contact with the hospital environment, and from a sample of the population of the village of Vleuten, near Utrecht.~~ ~~

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“…The propagating strains (PS) of the International Phage Typing System and the non-lysogenic strains 879 (group 11;Winkler & Grootsen, 1961) and 57 (Winkler et al, 1965) were used. The cured strains 80c, derived from PS 80 (NcTcg789) (Asheshov & Winkler, 1966), and cv4 ( Van der Vijver, van Es-Boon & Michel, 1975) were obtained from the appropriate authors.…”

Section: E E S T O B B E R I N G H a N D K C W I N K L E Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restriction-deficient Mutants of Staphylococcus aureus

Stobberingh¹,

Winkler²

1977

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYA series of restriction-deficient mutants was isolated from non-lysogenic strains of Staphylococcus d W N belonging to phage groups I and 11. Some mutants were sensitive to all phages tested. With one possible exception, all the mutants were unaffected in their modification systems. The breakdown of DNA of phages, restricted in the parental strains, was reduced in both the mutants that were tested. The restriction in propagating strain 3~ could be transduced to its restrictiondeficient mutant. The transduction efficiency increased after ultraviolet irradiation of the transducing phage suggesting that the gene for restriction is present on the bacterial chromosome.

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Lysogenic Conversion of Staphylococci to Loss of -Toxin

Cited by 91 publications

References 15 publications

Prophage Genomics

Prophage Genomics

Lysogeny In Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

Restriction-deficient Mutants of Staphylococcus aureus

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