“…In rats, NOS expression was higher than controls in DRG neurons after axotomy (Fiallos-Estrada et al, 1993;Shi et al, 1998;Verge, Xu, Xu, Wiesenfeld-Hallin, & Hokfelt, 1992) or visceral inflammation (Callsen-Cencic & Mense, 1997). It was proposed that NO can contribute to the excitation of sensory neurons and to pain (Cairns et al, 2014;Steel et al, 1994;Wang, Tsai, Chen, Lin, & Lue, 2013), but the underlying mechanisms have not been clarified. Afferent firing or excitatory transmitters such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP; Li, Vause, & Durham, 2008) or ATP (Borsani et al, 2010) raise intracellular Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] in ) in sensory neurons, which in turn induces NOS activation and NO production.…”