Lysosomal membrane stability and respiration rate in zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) as biomarkers for ex situ heavy metal exposure

Abstract

Lysosomal membrane stability and respiration rate in zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha Pallas, 1771) as biomarkers for ex situ heavy metal exposure Abstract Background and purpose: In the current study we aimed to investigate the lysosomal membrane stability in haemocytes of the invasive mollusk zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha Pallas, 1771) by applying the neutral red retention assay (NRRA), as well as changes in the respiration rate and survival under acute heavy metal exposure. (Pb) Materials and methods: The mussels were treated with different decreasing concentrations of nickel (Ni) and lead INTRODUCTION In recent years, heavy metal pollution in the environment and food has been considered as a global issue (1,2). Large quantities of heavy metals have been released into aquatic systems, both fresh and marine worldwide due to a global rapid population growth and intensive domestic activities, as well as expanding industrial and agricultural production (3,4). Thus, heavy metals have severely deteriorated the aquatic ecosystems because of their toxicity, abundance, persistence, and subsequent bioaccumulation and biomagnification (5).To monitor the health of aquatic systems, sentinel organisms such as mussels (bivalves) have been proposed to be suitable ''biomonitors'' of pollution as they accumulate heavy metals in their tissues and shells (6,7). Their filtering habits, low metabolism and ability to bioaccumulate pollutants make them an excellent choice to assess their bioavailability and effects (8-10). Mussels are also sessile, sedentary, have a reasonable size, they are worldwide distributed and often found in large amounts (11-13).Marine mussels such as Mytilus sp., have been most often addressed as sensitive indicators for monitoring toxic substances in water (14-17). However, other bivalve species belonging to different taxa, such as Dreissena polymorpha have also been successfully used in ecotoxicological studies and monitoring programs (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27).The immune defence of mussels is comprised of cellmediated and humoral mechanisms, in which the haemocytes or blood cells play a key role (28). They are also involved in the detoxification process through the accumulation of metallic and organic xenobiotics in their well-developed endolysosomal system (29). Lysosomes are highly conserved multi-functional cellular organelles present in almost all cells of eukaryotic organisms, from yeast to humans. Their function in the cellular economy includes the degradation of redundant or damaged organelles (e.g., mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum) and longer lived proteins as part of the autophagic cellular turnover (30). Lysosomes are also involved in normal physiological responses such as the digestion of materials ingested by endocytosis and phagocytosis (i.e., intracellular digestion) (30,31). Moreover, the lysosomal system, which is remarkably well-developed in mussel haemocytes is well-known as a target site for toxic metals and organic chemicals, due to its ability to accum...

VARIASI SPASIAL KEPADATAN DAN DISTRIBUSI KERANG KIJING (Anodonta woodiana) DI SUNGAI LAHUMBUTI KABUPATEN KONAWE SULAWESI TENGGARA

“…Kerang A. woodiana menjadi arsitek di ekosistem perairan dan menyediakan jasa lingkungan (Nielsen et al, 2016;Clements & Comeau, 2019;Taylor et al, 2019;Kotta et al, 2020) melalui beberapa keadaan yaitu: memberikan memperbaiki struktur substrat sehingga dapat memberikan substrat/habitat bagi organisme lain (Vaughn, 2018), memperbaiki kualitas air melalui mengurangi partikel dan bahan organik (Strayer, 2014;Lummer et al, 2016;Mezzanotte et al, 2016), dan menjebak nutrien untuk produksi kerang (Hoellein et al, 2017;Kreeger et al, 2018). Selain itu, kerang ini menjadi salah satu instrumen dalam memantau kualitas lingkungan perairan atau hewan bioindikator perairan (biomarker) (Reichard et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2012;Li et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2022) yang mengakumulasi logam dan pestisida dalam tubuh (Zhang et al, 2014;Yancheva et al, 2016).…”

Population dynamics of mud clam Geloina expansa (Mousson, 1849) in degraded mangrove area at Kendari Bay, Indonesia

“…Geographically, this clam has a wide distribution from all regions of the Indo-West Pacific (Poutiers 1998), including Indonesia (Sarong et al 2015;Bahtiar et al 2022b). Like other bivalves, G. expansa is a filter-feeder animal whose role in the ecosystem is essential, large (ecosystem architect in the aquatic environment) (Bódis et al 2014a,b;Basyuni et al 2018), including (i) improving the substrate and purifying the waters through the deposition of organic matters into dissolved and precipitated inorganic matters at the bottom of the water (Vaughn 2018;Li et al 2020), restoring water contaminated with organic materials (Ercan 2013;Li et al 2015), (ii) the function of energy transfer between primary producers and consumers (fish) (Boltovsky and Correa 2015) and (iii) the ability as bio-indicator in waters contaminated with heavy metals (Zhang et al 2014;Yancheva et al 2016). Geloina expansa, as an organism that can decompose organic matter and is strongly tied to the mangrove ecosystem (Muhammad et al 2017;Hasibuan et al 2021), along with the degradation of the G. expansa habitat (mangrove forest) will experience changes in population structure and growth as well as population decline in nature (Bahtiar et al 2022b).…”