Lysosome Exocytosis and Membrane Repair

Singh, Rajesh Kumar; Haka, Abigail S.

doi:10.1002/9781118978320.ch5

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…In light of the recent and dramatic shift in the understanding of lysosomes not merely as cell’s “recycle bins” but organelles with diverse functionality [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 52 ], the study of lysosomal motions and localization patterns appears timely and important. We discovered that the distribution of lysosomal transport lengths—both active runs and persistent flights—for the most part follows the heavy-tailed lognormal distribution (logarithm of which is normally distributed, hence the name).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lysosomes are acidic (pH ~4.2– 5.5), membrane-bound terminal compartments for degradation and recycling of cargos delivered to them through endocytosis and autophagy [ 1 ]. Lysosomes also function as docking sites for signaling complexes [ 2 , 3 ], engage in physical contacts with other organelles [ 2 , 4 ], and repair plasma membrane through lysosomal exocytosis [ 5 , 6 ]. Malignant transformation results in alterations in the function and composition of lysosomes—cancer lysosomes are larger [ 7 ], and with few exceptions, have lower pH [ 8 ], increased proteolytic activity, altered membrane composition and spatial distribution, and display enhanced secretion of their contents, notably protons, H + , and proteases, towards extracellular space [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large-Scale, Wavelet-Based Analysis of Lysosomal Trajectories and Co-Movements of Lysosomes with Nanoparticle Cargos

Polev

Kolygina

Kandere‐Grzybowska

et al. 2022

Cells

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Lysosomes—that is, acidic organelles known for degradation/recycling—move through the cytoplasm alternating between bursts of active transport and short, diffusive motions or even pauses. While their mobility is essential for lysosomes’ fusogenic and non-fusogenic interactions with target organelles, their movements have not been characterized in adequate detail. Here, large-scale statistical analysis of lysosomal movement trajectories reveals that lysosome trajectories in all examined cell types—both cancer and noncancerous ones—are superdiffusive and characterized by heavy-tailed distributions of run and flight lengths. Consideration of Akaike weights for various potential models (lognormal, power law, truncated power law, stretched exponential, and exponential) indicates that the experimental data are best described by the lognormal distribution, which, in turn, can be related to one of the space-search strategies particularly effective when “thorough” search needs to balance search for rare target(s) (organelles). In addition, automated, wavelet-based analysis allows for co-tracking the motions of lysosomes and the cargos they carry—particularly the nanoparticle aggregates known to cause selective lysosome disruption in cancerous cells. The methods we describe here could help study nanoparticle assemblies, viruses, and other objects transported inside various vesicle types, as well as coordinated movements of organelles/particles in the cytoplasm. Custom-written code that includes integrated workflow for our analyses is made available for academic use.

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