Lysozyme Complexes for the Synthesis of Functionalized Biomaterials To Understand Protein–Protein Interactions and Their Biological Applications

Abstract

Interactions between the components of lysozyme/cytochrome c (lysozyme/ Cyt,c) and lysozyme/zein protein mixtures were determined by following the in vitro synthesis of gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs). Both UV−visible and fluorescence studies were employed to monitor the interactions and simultaneous synthesis of protein coated NPs. Protein coated NPs were characterized by gel electrophoresis and TEM studies. Lysozyme/ Cyt,c complex coated NPs showed remarkable pH responsive behavior due to their amphiphilic nature, while lysozyme/zein complex coated NPs were not pH sensitive because of the predominantly hydrophobic nature. The results were further supported by molecular dynamics studies (MD) of protein−protein interactions and interactions of protein with the gold surface. Molecular simulations helped us to identify the amino acids that drove such interactions. Biological applications of protein coated NPs were determined from hemolytic and antimicrobial studies to demonstrate their potential in pharmaceutical and food industries. The results clearly differentiated between the greater applicability of predominantly amphiphilic lysozyme/Cyt,c complex coated NPs in comparison to predominantly hydrophobic lysozyme/zein complex coated NPs.

Volumetric, ultrasonic and UV absorption studies on interactions of antibiotic drug chloramphenicol with glycine and its dipeptide in aqueous solutions at T = (288.15–318.15) K

“…A vital role is played by drug-protein interactions in all the metabolic pathways or biological processes occurring inside the body. Study of these interactions led to modern drug discovery for conceding target proteins through which biological molecules betray their pharmacological actions [32,33]. So the recognition of drugs in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions have evoked a lot of interest because their activities involve interaction with biological membranes [34][35][36][37][38].…”

Fluorescent Schiff base sensors as a versatile tool for metal ion detection: strategies, mechanistic insights, and applications

“…3.4.3 Drug sample analysis. The improvement in the field of analytical chemistry is supported by the use of fluorescent materials, 170 biomaterials, 271,272 and nanomaterials [273][274][275] in the analysis of samples. Fluorescent materials offer various advantages such as fast analysis time, high sensitivity and selectivity, low detection limit, and in vivo and in vitro investigation facility.…”

Interaction of a green ester-bonded gemini surfactant with xanthine oxidase: Biophysical perspective

“…The UV-Vis technique, being simple and effective, is used to probe the structural changes as well as to investigate the complex formation between ligand and macromolecules [58]. The UV-Visible absorption spectra of native xanthine oxidase and in presence of varying concentrations of 14-E2-14 micelles (in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4) are shown in Fig.…”

“…5(a), which shows two absorption peaks. The strong absorption peak (mainly due to n → * transitions) in the range of 200-220 nm corresponds to the framework conformation (amide bond) of the protein and the weak absorption peak (due to → * transitions) at 279 nm is concerned with the polarity of the microenvironment around tyrosine and tryptophan residues of xanthine oxidase [58]. Upon addition of 14-E2-14, decrease in absorbance is observed at 279 nm (clearly can be seen in the zoomed view Fig.…”