Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) mediated production of ultra-fine cellulose nanofibres from delignified softwood fibres

Koskela, Salla; Wang, Shennan; Xu, Dingfeng; Yang, Xuan; Li, Kai; Berglund, Lars A.; McKee, Lauren S.; Bulone, Vincent; Zhou, Qi

doi:10.1039/c9gc02808k

Cited by 86 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Much research has been devoted to this new class of enzymes, especially in biomass saccharification for the production of biofuels ( Johansen, 2016 ). LPMOs may also be useful in the production of nano-cellulose ( Hu et al, 2018 ; Koskela et al, 2019 ; Valenzuela et al, 2019 ). However, few studies have been performed on fibre modification for pulp and paper applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Fibre Modification During Production of Dissolving Wood Pulp for Regenerated Cellulosic Materials

et al. 2021

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The production of regenerated cellulosic fibres, such as viscose, modal and lyocell, is based mainly on the use of dissolving wood pulp as raw material. Enzymatic processes are an excellent alternative to conventional chemical routes in the production of dissolving pulp, in terms of energy efficiency, reagent consumption and pulp yield. The two main characteristics of a dissolving pulp are the cellulose purity and the molecular weight, both of which can be controlled with the aid of enzymes. A purification process for paper-grade kraft pulp has been proposed, based on the use of xylanases in combination with hot and cold caustic extraction, without the conventional pre-hydrolysis step before kraft pulping. This enzyme aided purification allowed the production of a dissolving pulp that met the specifications for the manufacture of viscose, < 3% xylan, > 92% ISO brightness and 70% Fock’s reactivity. Endoglucanases (EGs) can efficiently reduce the average molecular weight of the cellulose while simultaneously increasing the pulp reactivity for viscose production. It is shown in this study that lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases act synergistically with EGs in the modification of bleached dissolving pulp.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Fibre Modification During Production of Dissolving Wood Pulp for Regenerated Cellulosic Materials

et al. 2021

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“…For cellulose nanofiber production from various cellulosic fiber resources, the individualization of cellulose microfibrils is often facilitated by the enzymatic or chemical pretreatments, for example, by using the oxidative enzyme lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase, [ 15 ] TEMPO‐mediated oxidation, [ 13 ] carboxymethylation, [ 16 ] or cationization. [ 17 ] Yano et al [ 18 ] have previously employed acetylation to avoid the fibril aggregation formed through interfibril hydrogen bonds, transforming pulp fiber to nanostructured fiber.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Densification of Highly Mesoporous Wood Structure into a Strong and Transparent Film

et al. 2020

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In the native wood cell wall, cellulose microfibrils are highly aligned and organized in the secondary cell wall. A new preparation strategy is developed to achieve individualization of cellulose microfibrils within the wood cell wall structure without introducing mechanical disintegration. The resulting mesoporous wood structure has a high specific surface area of 197 m2 g−1 when prepared by freeze‐drying using liquid nitrogen, and 249 m2 g−1 by supercritical drying. These values are 5 to 7 times higher than conventional delignified wood (36 m2 g−1) dried by supercritical drying. Such highly mesoporous structure with individualized cellulose microfibrils maintaining their natural alignment and organization can be processed into aerogels with high porosity and high compressive strength. In addition, a strong film with a tensile strength of 449.1 ± 21.8 MPa and a Young's modulus of 51.1 ± 5.2 GPa along the fiber direction is obtained simply by air drying owing to the self‐densification of cellulose microfibrils driven by the elastocapillary forces upon water evaporation. The self‐densified film also shows high optical transmittance (80%) and high optical haze (70%) with interesting biaxial light scattering behavior owing to the natural alignment of cellulose microfibrils.

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“…A recent published study on using LPMOs to produce nanocellulose [ 208 ] clearly demonstrated that a combination of LPMOs and xylanase enzymes resulted in improved nanofibrillation of kraft pulps. Later, Koskela et al, demonstrated that CBM-free LPMOs are less focused and thus act in a more dispersed manner compared to the CBM-containing enzymes, which leads to greater fiber thinning and better surface charge dispersion [ 207 ]. The same study further showed that LPMOs containing fungal CBMs produced fragmented, soluble products, which is likely due to the binding preferences of the fungal CBM 1 (i.e., specific foci on the crystalline regions of cellulose).…”

Section: Enzymatic Processing—emerging Research Associated With Biorementioning

confidence: 99%

“…If a high yield of fermentable sugars is indeed an intended goal, it seems that LPMO-containing mixtures would benefit from cellobiohydrolases; however, such a formulation has not been reported to our knowledge. Although LPMOs combined with endoglucanase produce dispersed CNFs effectively [ 207 ], it is unlikely that these enzyme mixtures can produce CNCs in the absence of other hydrolytic agents. This is because LPMOs act primarily on the exposed surface regions of cellulose, where they leave residual surface carboxylation resulting in effective fiber dispersion.…”

Section: Enzymatic Processing—emerging Research Associated With Biorementioning

confidence: 99%

Towards sustainable production and utilization of plant-biomass-based nanomaterials: a review and analysis of recent developments

Zhu

Agarwal

Ciesielski

et al. 2021

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Plant-biomass-based nanomaterials have attracted great interest recently for their potential to replace petroleum-sourced polymeric materials for sustained economic development. However, challenges associated with sustainable production of lignocellulosic nanoscale polymeric materials (NPMs) need to be addressed. Producing materials from lignocellulosic biomass is a value-added proposition compared with fuel-centric approach. This report focuses on recent progress made in understanding NPMs—specifically lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) and cellulosic nanomaterials (CNMs)—and their sustainable production. Special attention is focused on understanding key issues in nano-level deconstruction of cell walls and utilization of key properties of the resultant NPMs to allow flexibility in production to promote sustainability. Specifically, suitable processes for producing LNPs and their potential for scaled-up production, along with the resultant LNP properties and prospective applications, are discussed. In the case of CNMs, terminologies such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) used in the literature are examined. The term cellulose nano-whiskers (CNWs) is used here to describe a class of CNMs that has a morphology similar to CNCs but without specifying its crystallinity, because most applications of CNCs do not need its crystalline characteristic. Additionally, progress in enzymatic processing and drying of NPMs is also summarized. Finally, the report provides some perspective of future research that is likely to result in commercialization of plant-based NPMs.

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Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) mediated production of ultra-fine cellulose nanofibres from delignified softwood fibres

Abstract: An environmentally friendly, energy-efficient method for cellulose nanofibre (CNF) production from softwood holocellulose utilising oxidative enzymes, lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs).

Cited by 86 publications

References 40 publications

Enzymatic Fibre Modification During Production of Dissolving Wood Pulp for Regenerated Cellulosic Materials

Enzymatic Fibre Modification During Production of Dissolving Wood Pulp for Regenerated Cellulosic Materials

Self‐Densification of Highly Mesoporous Wood Structure into a Strong and Transparent Film

Towards sustainable production and utilization of plant-biomass-based nanomaterials: a review and analysis of recent developments

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