“…We used value sizes between 24 KB and 32 KB for these tests. For the small number of keys (256), all values can fit in the local cache, which makes the CHop without consistency domains best performer when request latency is not very high (as with D2Hop). ZHT was set to keep the data in RAM instead of storing it to disk.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The cost of preemption, C p , is collected for 16,32,64,128,256,512,1024, 2048 compute nodes. The cost of preemption, C p , is collected for 16,32,64,128,256,512,1024, 2048 compute nodes.…”
In this paper we analyze the major trends and changes in the High-Performance Computing (HPC) market place since the beginning of the journal`Parallel Computing'. The initial success of vector computers in the 1970s was driven by raw performance. The introduction of this type of computer systems started the area of`Supercomputing'. In the 1980s the availability of standard development environments and of application software packages became more important. Next to performance these factors determined the success of MP vector systems, especially at industrial customers. MPPs became successful in the early 1990s due to their better price/performance ratios, which was made possible by the attack of the`killer-micros'. In the lower and medium market segments the MPPs were replaced by microprocessor based symmetrical multiprocessor (SMP) systems in the middle of the 1990s. There success formed the basis for the use of new cluster concepts for very high-end systems. In the last few years only the companies which have entered the emerging markets for massive parallel database servers and ®nancial applications attract enough business volume to be able to support the hardware development for the numerical high-end computing market as well. Success in the traditional¯oating point intensive engineering applications seems to be no longer sucient for survival in the market. Ó 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. 0167-8191/99/$ -see front matter Ó 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 1 6 7 -8 1 9 1 ( 9 9 ) 0 0 0 6 7 -8 1. Introductioǹ`T
“…We used value sizes between 24 KB and 32 KB for these tests. For the small number of keys (256), all values can fit in the local cache, which makes the CHop without consistency domains best performer when request latency is not very high (as with D2Hop). ZHT was set to keep the data in RAM instead of storing it to disk.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The cost of preemption, C p , is collected for 16,32,64,128,256,512,1024, 2048 compute nodes. The cost of preemption, C p , is collected for 16,32,64,128,256,512,1024, 2048 compute nodes.…”
In this paper we analyze the major trends and changes in the High-Performance Computing (HPC) market place since the beginning of the journal`Parallel Computing'. The initial success of vector computers in the 1970s was driven by raw performance. The introduction of this type of computer systems started the area of`Supercomputing'. In the 1980s the availability of standard development environments and of application software packages became more important. Next to performance these factors determined the success of MP vector systems, especially at industrial customers. MPPs became successful in the early 1990s due to their better price/performance ratios, which was made possible by the attack of the`killer-micros'. In the lower and medium market segments the MPPs were replaced by microprocessor based symmetrical multiprocessor (SMP) systems in the middle of the 1990s. There success formed the basis for the use of new cluster concepts for very high-end systems. In the last few years only the companies which have entered the emerging markets for massive parallel database servers and ®nancial applications attract enough business volume to be able to support the hardware development for the numerical high-end computing market as well. Success in the traditional¯oating point intensive engineering applications seems to be no longer sucient for survival in the market. Ó 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. 0167-8191/99/$ -see front matter Ó 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 1 6 7 -8 1 9 1 ( 9 9 ) 0 0 0 6 7 -8 1. Introductioǹ`T
“…• [45] programs have shown remarkable success in removing data embedded by commercially available programs. The algorithms generally apply minor geometric distortions, e.g., slight stretching, shearing, shifting, and/or rotations, to the image and then resample the image using bilinear interpolation.…”
“…This algorithm has already been used for comparing recent positions of the equilibrium line in the Alps and for those of the younger Dryas (Kuhn 1980b). Another paper deals with the climatically conditioned shifts of the equilibrium line in the Andes (Kuhn 1981).…”
The shift of the equilibrium line in response to climatic disturbances is calculated for the International Glaciological Greenland Expedition (EGIG) profile of the Greenland Ice Cap. Data of heat balance studies carried out during EGIG 1959 and EGIG 1967 are used according to Kuhn's algorithm . The following parameters are applied: the heat transfer coefficient of the sensible heat flux; the effective emissivity of the atmosphere for long wave downward radiation; a factor relating net radiation to cloudiness; the duration of the ablation season; the altitudinal temperature gradient; the altitudinal accumulation gradient.The altitudinal shift of the equilibrium line results for the EGIG profile + 77m / oC and -4 m per 1/ 10 cloudiness with 35d of ablation. Changes in heat balance by formation of superimposed ice are taken into account.
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