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Poth, Ludwig G.; Poth, Gudrun S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-322-94510-5_13

Cited by 6 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The other mechanism, known as nitrifier-denitrification, is the sequential reduction of N02 to NO and then N 2 0 by the action of the nitrite reductase (NIR, encoded by the gene nirK) and the nitric oxide reductase (NOR, encoded by the gene norB). All of the ammoniaoxidizing bacteria that have been screened to date contain the nirK and norB genes (Casciotti and Ward, 2001;Shaw et al, 2006;Casciotti and Ward, 2005;Cantera and Stein, 2007;Norton et al, 2008;Arp et al, 2007), and the conversion of 1 5 NO to 1 5 N 2 0 has been demonstrated in several genera (Poth and Focht, 1985;Shaw et al, 2006). Archaeal ammonia oxidizers also appear to possess nirK and norB homologs (Treusch et al, 2005;Hallam et al, 2006; but it is not known whether the proteins encoded by these genes are involved in N 2 0 production.…”

Section: H Frame and K L Casciotti: Biogeochemical Controls Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microbiological and enzymological research has provided a mechanistic understanding of how nitrification and denitrification produce N 2 0 (Payne et al, 1971;Poth and Focht, 1985; Ritchie and Nicholas, 1972;Hooper and Terry, 1979). A fraction of the NH 3 oxidized by ammonia oxidizers is released as N 2 0 rather than N02 Ritchie and Nicholas, 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This intermediate can also decompose to N 2 0 through an unknown mechanism (Hooper and Terry, 1979;Ritchie and Nicholas, 1972). The second pathway is known as nitrifier-denitrification, which reduces NO to nitric oxide (NO) and then N 2 0 using enzymes that bear genetic similarity to those of certain denitrifiers (Poth and Focht, 1985;Ritchie and Nicholas, 1972;Ward, 2001, 2005). It is uncertain whether there is an adaptive significance of nitrifier-denitrification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The biogeochemistry of marine nitrous oxide

Frame¹

2011

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Section: H Frame and K L Casciotti: Biogeochemical Controls Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The biogeochemistry of marine nitrous oxide

Frame¹

2011

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“…Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria have been shown to produce N 2 O when NO 2 -is used as an alternative electron acceptor under anoxic conditions, i.e., nitrifier denitrification, where NO 2 -is reduced to NO or N 2 O as in the classical heterotrophic denitrification pathway (Goreau et al, 1980;Poth and Focht, 1985;Arp and Stein, 2003). Studies using Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira species have shown that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are capable of reducing NO 2 -and produce N 2 O while doing so.…”

Section: Nitrifier Denitrificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies using Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira species have shown that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are capable of reducing NO 2 -and produce N 2 O while doing so. Initially, the process was thought to occur only in O 2 -limiting conditions (Goreau et al, 1980, Poth andFocht, 1985), but recently it has been shown that it can occur at atmospheric levels of O 2 (Shaw et al, 2006). However, the enzymes involved, the phylogenetic breadth, and metabolic purpose still remain unclear.…”

Section: Nitrifier Denitrificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Optimize Microbially-Mediated Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Landfill Cover Soils

Semrau¹,

Lee²,

Im³

et al. 2010

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The overall objective of this project, "Strategies to Optimize Microbially-Mediated Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Landfill Cover Soils" was to develop effective, efficient, and economic methodologies by which microbial production of nitrous oxide can be minimized while also maximizing microbial consumption of methane in landfill cover soils. A combination of laboratory and field site experiments found that the addition of nitrogen and phenylacetylene stimulated in situ methane oxidation while minimizing nitrous oxide production. Molecular analyses also indicated that methane-oxidizing bacteria may play a significant role in not only removing methane, but in nitrous oxide production as well, although the contribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea to nitrous oxide production can not be excluded at this time. Future efforts to control both methane and nitrous oxide emissions from landfills as well as from other environments (e.g., agricultural soils) should consider these issues. Finally, a methanotrophic biofiltration system was designed and modeled for the promotion of methanotrophic activity in local methane "hotspots" such as landfills. Model results as well as economic analyses of these biofilters indicate that the use of methanotrophic biofilters for controlling methane emissions is technically feasible, and provided either the costs of biofilter construction and operation are reduced or the value of CO 2 credits is increased, can also be economically attractive. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTSABSTRACT 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6

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Distinguishing sources of N₂O in European grasslands by stable isotope analysis

Wrage

Lauf

Prado³

et al. 2004

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Nitrifiers and denitrifiers are the main producers of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N(2)O). Knowledge of the respective contributions of each of these microbial groups to N(2)O production is a prerequisite for the development of effective mitigation strategies for N(2)O. Often, the differentiation is made by the use of inhibitors. Measurements of the natural abundance of the stable isotopes of N and O in N(2)O have been suggested as an alternative for the often unreliable inhibition studies. Here, we tested the natural abundance incubation method developed by Tilsner et al.1 with soils from four European grasslands differing in long-term management practices. Emission rates of N(2)O and stable isotope natural abundance of N(2)O and mineral N were measured in four different soil incubations: a control with 60% water-filled pore space (WFPS), a treatment with 60% WFPS and added ammonium (NH(4) (+)) to support nitrifiers, a control with 80% WFPS and a treatment with 80% WFPS and added nitrate (NO(3) (-)) to support denitrifiers. Decreases in NH(4) (+) concentrations, linked with relative (15)N-enrichment of residual NH(4) (+) and production of (15)N-depleted NO(3) (-), showed that nitrification was the main process for mineral N conversions. The N(2)O production, however, was generally dominated by reduction processes, as indicated by the up to 20 times larger N(2)O production under conditions favouring denitrification than under conditions favouring nitrification. Interestingly, the N(2)O concentration in the incubation atmospheres often levelled off or even decreased, accompanied by increases in delta(15)N and delta(18)O values of N(2)O. This points to uptake and further reduction of N(2)O to N(2), even under conditions with small concentrations of N(2)O in the atmosphere. The measurements of the natural abundances of (15)N and (18)O proved to be a valuable integral part of the natural abundance incubation method. Without these measurements, nitrification would not have been identified as essential for mineral N conversions and N(2)O consumption could not have been detected.

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M

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

The biogeochemistry of marine nitrous oxide

The biogeochemistry of marine nitrous oxide

Strategies to Optimize Microbially-Mediated Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Landfill Cover Soils

Distinguishing sources of N₂O in European grasslands by stable isotope analysis

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M

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

The biogeochemistry of marine nitrous oxide

The biogeochemistry of marine nitrous oxide

Strategies to Optimize Microbially-Mediated Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Landfill Cover Soils

Distinguishing sources of N2O in European grasslands by stable isotope analysis

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Distinguishing sources of N₂O in European grasslands by stable isotope analysis