“…This study mainly uses the ESG rating from 2011 to 2020 from the Sino‐Securities Index Information Service 4 as the explained variable for two main reasons. On the one hand, although several international institutions have conducted ratings based on corporate ESG information disclosure (Tang et al, 2022), such as Refinitiv Asset4 (Arora et al, 2022; Barros et al, 2022; Martins, 2022), MSCI (Lioui & Tarelli, 2022; Singh, 2022), and Bloomberg (Huang et al, 2022; Zhang et al, 2021), they are relatively poorly matched with China's domestic development and market characteristics. In response, China's Sino‐Securities Index Information Service launched ESG ratings in line with the characteristics of the Chinese market, which have been cited in numerous studies (Li, Hu, & Hong, 2022; Li, Zhang, & Zhao, 2022).…”