“…2 Against this background, it is important to understand the role that speculative news and rumors play for firms and markets. The literature suggests that rumors can manipulate stock prices (e.g., van Bommel, 2003;Schmidt, 2020) and affect mergers (e.g., Ahern and Sosyura, 2015;Alperovych et al, 2021). Yet, virtually nothing is known about the operational consequences that rumors may have for the firms involved.…”