M Cells in Peyer's Patches of the Intestine

Gebert, Andreas; Rothkötter, Hermann‐Josef; Pabst, Reinhard

doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61346-7

Cited by 297 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 223 publications

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“…2,37 There are large differences between different species regarding markers for M cells. 6 For example, markers have been identified for pig, rabbit and mouse, 7 however, there is today no universal human M-cell marker, which hampers the possibility to elucidate the actual role of M cells in barrier function of the FAE. A few human markers have been suggested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ultrastructural examination of FAE further revealed a mucosa with lymphocytes close to the epithelial cells and lymphocytes in close contact with HRP-containing endosomes (Figure 3c and d). M cells, identified according to established definitions 5,6 were observed within the FAE (Figure 3e). In addition, HRP flux in human ileal FAE was inhibited by EIPA in a similar pattern, although this did not reach statistical significance (Figure 4b).…”

Section: Transport Routesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…3 The uptake is further promoted by the presence of microfold (M) cells which promote transport of antigens and pathogens to underlying immune cells. 4,5 Unfortunately, the histochemical properties of FAE and microfold cell (M cells) vary according to species and location 6 and yet no universal human M-cell marker has been established. 7 Previous animal studies have examined uptake and transport of antigens and bacteria in FAE; 5,8,9 however, to date there are no reports quantifying barrier function of human FAE.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Characterization of antigen and bacterial transport in the follicle-associated epithelium of human ileum

Keita¹,

Gullberg

Ericson

et al. 2006

Laboratory Investigation

100

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The follicle-associated epithelium (FAE), covering Peyer's patches, provides a route of entry for antigens and microorganisms. Animal studies showed enhanced antigen and bacterial uptake in FAE, but no study on barrier function of human FAE has been reported. Our aim was to characterize the normal barrier properties of human FAE. Specimens of normal ileum were taken from 30 patients with noninflammatory colonic disease. Villus epithelium (VE) and FAE were identified and mounted in Ussing chambers. Permeability to 51 Cr-EDTA, transmucosal flux of the protein antigen, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and transport of fluorescent Escherichia coli (chemically killed K-12 and live HB101) were measured. Uptake mechanisms were studied by confocal-and transmission electron microscopy, and by using pharmacological inhibitors in an in vitro coculture model of FAE and in human ileal FAE. HRP flux was substantially higher in FAE than in VE, and was reduced by an amiloride analog. Electron microscopy showed HRP-containing endosomes. Transport of E. coli K-12 and HB101 was also augmented in FAE and was confirmed by confocal microscopy. In vitro coculture experiments and electron microscopy revealed actin-dependent, mainly transcellular, uptake of E. coli K-12 into FAE. 51 Cr-EDTA permeability was equal in FAE and VE. Augmented HRP flux and bacterial uptake but similar paracellular permeability, suggest functional variations of transcellular transport in the FAE. We show for the first time that FAE of human ileum is functionally distinct from regular VE, rendering the FAE more prone to bacterial-epithelial cell interactions and delivery of antigens to the mucosal immune system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transport Routesmentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of antigen and bacterial transport in the follicle-associated epithelium of human ileum

Keita¹,

Gullberg

Ericson

et al. 2006

Laboratory Investigation

100

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“…However, CRR-specific secretory IgA and not serum IgG is required for prevention of pharyngeal infection with S. pyogenes (2,3). Evidence suggests that production of antigenspecific secretory IgA is best achieved by delivery of antigen on particulates (7,17,38,52) to avoid oral tolerance associated with soluble antigens (9,37,48,54) and requires presentation of the antigen directly to the mucosal surface (29). The only approved mucosal vaccines are pathogens (49), some of which may pose a risk of infection, particularly to children or immunocompromised individuals (36,39,46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal Vaccine Made from Live, RecombinantLactococcus lactisProtects Mice against Pharyngeal Infection withStreptococcus pyogenes

2004

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A novel vaccine (LL-CRR) made from live, nonpathogenic Lactococcus lactis that expresses the conserved C-repeat region (CRR) of M protein from Streptococcus pyogenes serotype 6 was tested in mice. Nasally vaccinated mice produced CRR-specific salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) and serum IgG. Subcutaneously vaccinated mice produced CRR-specific serum IgG but not salivary IgA. A combined regimen produced responses similar to the salivary IgA of nasally vaccinated mice and serum IgG of subcutaneously vaccinated mice. Mice vaccinated nasally or with the combined regimen were significantly protected against pharyngeal infection following a nasal challenge with S. pyogenes M serotype 14. Mice vaccinated subcutaneously were not protected against pharyngeal infection. Mice in all three LL-CRR vaccination groups were significantly protected against the lethal effects of S. pyogenes. Only 1 of 77 challenged mice that were vaccinated with LL-CRR died, whereas 60 of 118 challenged mice that were vaccinated with a control strain or phosphatebuffered saline died. In conclusion, mucosal vaccination with LL-CRR produced CRR-specific salivary IgA and serum IgG, prevented pharyngeal infection with S. pyogenes, and promoted survival.

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“…Microfold cells (M cells) are present in the follicle-associated epithelium of both types of PP (Gebert et al, 1994), and play a specialised role in sampling antigen from the gut lumen. Their microfolded apical cell membrane enables endocytotic antigen uptake, and with lymphocytes located in pockets of their basolateral cell membrane, a close interaction of antigens and lymphocytes is possible (Gebert et al, 1996). Similarly, cellular processes of dendritic cells (DC) are also in close to the basolateral membrane of M cells (Bimczok et al, 2006).…”

Section: Piglet Immunity: Implications For the Oral Application Of Immentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in pig production: can immunomodulators play a role?

Gallois¹,

Rothkötter

Bailey

et al. 2009

Animal

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As a result of the European ban of in-feed growth-promoting antibiotics, new strategies are being developed to increase the resistance to disease in farm animals. In pig production, this is of particular importance during the weaning transition when piglets are subjected to major stressful events, making them highly sensitive to digestive disorders. At this time, the development of both innate and adaptive immunity at the mucosal surface is critical in preventing the potential harmful effects of intestinal pathogenic agents. Strategies aiming at stimulating natural host defences through the use of substances able to modulate immune functions have gained increasing interest in animal research, and different bioactive components a priori sharing those properties have been the subject of in vivo nutritional investigations in pig. Among these, yeast derivates (b-glucans and mannans) are able to interact with immune cells, particularly phagocytic cells. However, studies where they have been fed to pigs have shown inconsistent results, suggesting that their ability to target the sensitive immune cells through the oral route is questionable. The plant extracts, which would benefit from a positive image in the public opinion, have also been tested. However, due to a lack of data on the bioactive components of particular plants and the large diversity of species, it has proved difficult to prepare extracts of equivalent potency and thus, the literature on their influence on pig immunity remains inconclusive. In considering piglet immunity and health benefits, the most promising results to date have been obtained with spray-dried animal plasma, whose positive effects would be provided by specific antibodies and nonspecific competition of some plasma components with bacteria for intestinal receptors. The major positive effect of spray-dried animal plasma is in reducing the infiltration of gut-associated lymphoid tissue by immune cells, which is likely to be the result of a decreased colonisation by potentially harmful bacteria. This review also highlights the limitations of some of the published in vivo studies on the immunomodulatory activity of certain feed additives. Among those, the lack of standardisation of extracts and the heterogeneity of piglet-rearing conditions (e.g. exposure to pathogens) are likely the most limiting.

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M Cells in Peyer's Patches of the Intestine

Cited by 297 publications

References 223 publications

Characterization of antigen and bacterial transport in the follicle-associated epithelium of human ileum

Characterization of antigen and bacterial transport in the follicle-associated epithelium of human ileum

Mucosal Vaccine Made from Live, RecombinantLactococcus lactisProtects Mice against Pharyngeal Infection withStreptococcus pyogenes

Natural alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in pig production: can immunomodulators play a role?

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