M Cells in the Follicle-Associated Epithelium of the Rabbit Conjunctiva Preferentially Bind and Translocate Latex Beads

Liu, Hongshan; Meagher, Carisa K.; Moore, Cecil P.; Phillips, Thomas E.

doi:10.1167/iovs.05-0280

Cited by 32 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Ex vivo experiments to examine microparticle transcytosis in rabbit conjunctival lymphoepithelium revealed that with incubation times as short as 20 min at 37 C, a greater number of microparticles were present within the submucosa compared to epithelial regions. Slowing transcytosis by incubation at 4 C; however, resulted in a greater number of beads within apical lymphoepithelium (Liu et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Examination of the Reticular Epithelium of the Bovine Pharyngeal Tonsil

Palmer

Stasko

Waters

et al. 2011

The Anatomical Record

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The pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid), located at the posterior of the nasopharynx is ideally positioned to sample antigens passing through the nasal cavity or oral cavity. Entering antigens will first contact tonsilar epithelium. To better understand the cellular organization of this important epithelial layer, pharyngeal tonsils were collected from six, 7-month-old calves and examined by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis showed that the epithelium overlying lymphoid follicles (reticular epithelium) contained significantly more B-cells, CD4þ, and CD11cþ cells than nonreticular epithelium. In contrast, nonreticular epithelium contained significantly more, c/d TCRþ cells than reticular epithelium. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of reticular epithelium identified a heterogeneous population of epithelial cells, many of which displayed morphologic characteristics of M-cells. Moreover, putative M-cells were shown to possess the capacity for microparticle uptake. Bovine pharyngeal tonsilar reticular epithelium contains key immune cells, as well as M-cells; elements essential for antigen uptake, antigen processing, and initiation of immune responses. A better understanding of the morphology and function of tonsilar lymphoepithelium will strengthen our understanding of it's role in disease pathogenesis, and potential use as an induction site for mucosal immune responses to vaccination. Anat Rec, 294:1939Rec, 294: -1950Rec, 294: , 2011. V V C 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Examination of the Reticular Epithelium of the Bovine Pharyngeal Tonsil

Palmer

Stasko

Waters

et al. 2011

The Anatomical Record

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“…6B, 7). Others have reported the presence of M cells in conjunctival mucosa in several species, including rabbit, guinea pig, and canine (26,(40)(41)(42). M cells in the guinea pig conjunctiva were located in follicle-associated epithelium and showed variably sized microvilli (100 nm-1 mm), in contrast to epithelial cells (350 nm) (26,43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…6Bd, arrow, and 6Be) and clusters of cells with more rounded tops and straighter microvilli, which were observed only in conjunctiva goblet cells (Fig. 6Bd, arrowhead, and 6Bf) (26,27). TEM analysis after the binding of HRP-conjugated UEA-1 Ab (DAB reacted) showed a typical morphology of UEA-1 2 conjunctival epithelial cells following eyedrop administration of OVA plus CT (Fig.…”

Section: Eyedrop-administered Ag Passes Into the Nasal Cavity Minimalmentioning

confidence: 90%

Eye Mucosa: An Efficient Vaccine Delivery Route for Inducing Protective Immunity

Seo

Han

Cha

et al. 2010

The Journal of Immunology

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The external part of the eye shares mucosa-associated common characteristics and is an obvious entry site for foreign Ags. We assessed the potential of eyedrop vaccination for effective delivery of vaccines against viral or bacterial infection in mice. Both OVA-specific IgG Ab in serum and IgA Ab in mucosal compartments were induced by eyedrops of OVA with cholera toxin (CT). Eyedrop vaccination of influenza A/PR/8 virus (H1N1) induced both influenza virus-specific systemic and mucosal Ab responses and protected mice completely against respiratory infection with influenza A/PR/8 virus. In addition, eyedrop vaccination of attenuated Salmonella vaccine strains induced LPS-specific Ab and complete protection against oral challenge of virulent Salmonella. Unlike with the intranasal route, eyedrop vaccinations did not redirect administered Ag into the CNS in the presence of CT. When mice were vaccinated by eyedrop, even after the occlusion of tear drainage from eye to nose, Ag-specific systemic IgG and mucosal IgA Abs could be induced effectively. Of note, eyedrops with OVA plus CT induced organogenesis of conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue and increased microfold cell-like cells on the conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue in the nictitating membrane on conjunctiva, the mucosal side of the external eye. On the basis of these findings, we propose that the eyedrop route is an alternative to mucosal routes for administering vaccines.

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“…Instead of the common laboratory species, mice, rats, and guinea pigs, we elected to use rabbits as the working animal model, bearing in mind that (i) numerous similarities between rabbit and human OMIS exist (13,66,67); (ii) several T-cell-mediated ocular surface diseases, including herpetic conjunctivitis and recurrent corneal herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK), have been reported to be similar in rabbits and humans, making it the most relevant animal model for exploring these human eye disorders (53,55,80); (iii) compared to mice and rats, rabbit CALT more closely resembles human CALT (23,25,28,44); (iv) microanatomy and immunohistological studies indicate that rabbit conjunctival mucosa is comparable to that of humans and has a typical follicular ultrastructure with an abundance of "conjunctival lymphoid follicles," whereas no lymphoid tissue was identified in mice and rats (28,42,43,47,84); (v) from a practical standpoint, unlike mice, rats, and guinea pigs, rabbits possess a relatively large conjunctival surface, offering abundant mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue for in vitro studies; and (vi) the recent availability of many monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies specific to rabbit immune cell CD markers, cytokines, and growth factors provide useful immunological tools for an unprecedented phenotypic and functional analysis of rabbit T-cell repertoire and function.…”

Section: Cd25mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Foxp3⁺CD4⁺CD25^(Bright+)“Natural” Regulatory T Cells Are Abundant in Rabbit Conjunctiva and Suppress Virus-Specific CD4⁺and CD8⁺Effector T Cells during Ocular Herpes Infection

Nesburn

Bettahi

Dasgupta

et al. 2007

J Virol

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We studied the phenotype and distribution of "naturally" occurring CD4 The immune system has evolved numerous mechanisms of peripheral T-cell immunoregulation, including a network of ␣␤ and ␥␦ CD4 ϩ and CD8 ϩ regulatory T (T reg ) cells, that modulate primary and memory effector T (T eff ) cell responses at various times and locations and in various inflammatory circumstances (32,33,37,39,46,59,77). Among the ␣␤ T reg cells, several subpopulations of CD4 ϩ T reg cells have been recently identified and shown to control T eff cell function in various animal species and in humans (reviewed in references 2, 61, and 68). Some are considered to be natural regulators, the so-called thymus-derived "natural" CD4 ϩ CD25 ϩ T reg cells (CD4 ϩ CD25 ϩ nT reg cells) (21), that constitutively express a specific set of "molecular markers" including CD25 (the interleukin-2 [IL-2] receptor ␣-chain), forkhead/winged-helix transcription factor (Foxp3), glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein (GITR), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4 or CD152) (reviewed in references 50 and 62). Other extrathymically generated CD4 ϩ CD25 ϩ T reg (iT reg ) cells, designated "adaptive"؉antigen-specific T reg cells, produce and mediate their suppression via IL-10 and/or transforming growth factor ␤ (TGF-␤), such as Tr1 and T helper type 3 (Th3) cells (11,69,81,86). Converging evidence shows that CD4 ϩ CD25 ϩ T reg cells are important not only in the pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 infections but also in regulating herpes infection and immunity (4,18,75,79). However, work in this area has been focused primarily on systemic CD4 ϩ

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M Cells in the Follicle-Associated Epithelium of the Rabbit Conjunctiva Preferentially Bind and Translocate Latex Beads

Cited by 32 publications

References 37 publications

Examination of the Reticular Epithelium of the Bovine Pharyngeal Tonsil

Examination of the Reticular Epithelium of the Bovine Pharyngeal Tonsil

Eye Mucosa: An Efficient Vaccine Delivery Route for Inducing Protective Immunity

Functional Foxp3⁺CD4⁺CD25^(Bright+)“Natural” Regulatory T Cells Are Abundant in Rabbit Conjunctiva and Suppress Virus-Specific CD4⁺and CD8⁺Effector T Cells during Ocular Herpes Infection

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M Cells in the Follicle-Associated Epithelium of the Rabbit Conjunctiva Preferentially Bind and Translocate Latex Beads

Cited by 32 publications

References 37 publications

Examination of the Reticular Epithelium of the Bovine Pharyngeal Tonsil

Examination of the Reticular Epithelium of the Bovine Pharyngeal Tonsil

Eye Mucosa: An Efficient Vaccine Delivery Route for Inducing Protective Immunity

Functional Foxp3+CD4+CD25(Bright+)“Natural” Regulatory T Cells Are Abundant in Rabbit Conjunctiva and Suppress Virus-Specific CD4+and CD8+Effector T Cells during Ocular Herpes Infection

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Functional Foxp3⁺CD4⁺CD25^(Bright+)“Natural” Regulatory T Cells Are Abundant in Rabbit Conjunctiva and Suppress Virus-Specific CD4⁺and CD8⁺Effector T Cells during Ocular Herpes Infection