M-Pyrol^™(NMP) Use in the Microelectronics Industry

Evaluation of exposure biomarkers from percutaneous absorption of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone

“…Headache and irritation of the eyes and respiratory system have been reported after occupational exposure to NMP at air levels as low as 3 mg/m 3 ; this finding indicates that NMP may be a moderate to severe irritant (7). Graffiti removers exposed to mixtures of NMP and glycol ethers reported headaches and irritation to the skin, eyes, and upper airways (8).…”

Biological monitoring of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone using 5-hydroxy-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in plasma and urine as the biomarker

“…However, in occupational settings, an irritative effect has been recorded on skin and eyes, and this finding indicates that NMP may be a moderate to severe irritant (9,10).…”

A Cross-sectional Observation of Effect of Exposure to N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP) on Workers' Health

“…Beaulieu and Schmerber 13) reported that severe eye irritation and headache occurred in the workers exposed to NMP in the range of exposure from 0.75 to 1.5 ppm (3-6 mg/m 3 ) 13) . On the other hand, Åkesson and Paulson 10) reported that there were no selfreported subjective symptoms of irritation in the eyes, nasal mucosa, and respiration systems in the volunteers exposed up to 12.5 ppm (50 mg/m 3 ) NMP.…”

“…Eye irritation and headache were reported for three employees exposed to 0.7-1.5 ppm (3-6 mg/m 3 ) for 30 min 13) . But in the latter study, no irritation or pulmonary effects were found in 6 volunteers exposed to NMP up to 12.5 ppm (50 mg/m 3 ) for 8 h 10) , and no sensory irritation or undue annoyance were reported in 15 volunteers exposed to NMP up to 40 ppm (160 mg/m 3 ) 23) .…”