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Abstract

Osteosarcoma begins in the long bones and occurs mainly in children and young adults but is also seen in an older population with a high mortality rate. Zinc beryllium silicate and beryllium oxide, radioactive agents like radium and some C-type viruses have a harsh impact on osteosarcoma. Genetic factors like changes in the p53 tumor suppressor gene, mutation in RECQL4 gene, WRN gene can contribute in osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma tumor can be categorized as high grade, intermediate grade, and low grade depending on the degree and duration of tumor growth. Based on the nature of the pathogenesis and location of tumor high grade osteosarcoma can be Osteoblastic, Chondroblastic, Fibroblastic, Telangiectatic, Desmoplastic fibroma, Extraskeletal osteosarcoma; Periosteal Osteosarcoma are of intermediate grade. It is associated with some characteristic symptoms like bone pain, lump formation, and walking with difficulties leading to pathologic fractures. Osteosarcoma can be diagnosed by Biopsy, X-ray, MRI, and CT scan and from some biochemical markers like Lactate Dehydrogenase and Alkaline Phosphatase. Treatment include surgery which has wide safety margin, chemotherapy with Cisplatin and Doxorubicin after that Methotrexate, Adriamycin, Cisplatin. Preoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy are given 2-6 cycles for 6-18 weeks. Some Phytochemicals like curcumin, genistein, and berberine positively impact osteosarcoma tissue. After completion of treatment patient should be followed up to 6 years with timely surveillance. INTRODUCTION:Osteosarcoma is a rare type of bone cancer that begins in the osteoblast cells of the long bones and occurs mainly in children and young adults. The osteoid component of OS varies from one to another. Most of the osteoid is composed of cartilage and fibrous tissue 1 . A malignant tumor is classified as osteoblastic, chondroblastic, or fibrous if it comprises 50% of that particular cell type.