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Potential Impact of Battery Electric Vehicle Penetration and Changes in Upstream Process Emissions Assuming Night‐Charging on Summer O3 Concentrations in Japan

“…However, under high NO x conditions (VOC‐limited), it has been suggested that NO x concentration has little effect on the “MIR ranks” of individual NMVOC species, although it affects the “MIR values” (However, under low NO x conditions (NO x ‐limited), NO x availability dominates O 3 formation and the MIR ranks of individual NMVOC species vary significantly with NO x concentration (e.g., the MIR rank of aldehydes is significantly lower under low NO x conditions)) (Carter, 1994; Zhang et al., 2021). Also, MIR derived under Japanese emission and meteorological conditions were comparable to the U.S. results (Wakamatsu et al., 2005). Furthermore, when the assumptions for representative urban air quality in 39 U.S. cities used for MIR scaling were updated to conditions from 1988 to 2010, the “MIR values” for 1223 NMVOC species were decreased by an average of 20.3% while “MIR ranks” for each NMVOC species did not change much (Venecek et al., 2018).…”

“…and meteorological conditions were comparable to the U.S. results (Wakamatsu et al, 2005). Furthermore, when the assumptions for representative urban air quality in 39 U.S. cities used for MIR scaling were updated to conditions from 1988 to 2010, the "MIR values" for 1223 NMVOC species were decreased by an average of 20.3% while "MIR ranks" for each NMVOC species did not change much (Venecek et al, 2018).…”