Maastrichtian-Early Eocene litho-biostratigraphy and palægeography of the northern Gulf of Suez region, Egypt

Scheibner, Christian; Marzouk, Akmal M.; Kuss, Jochen

doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(01)90005-3

Cited by 36 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The other thirteen sections (B2, B3, A1, A1b, K4, K5, S9, S1-8, D7, D8, D3, T1, T2) provide additional biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental information. Some of these sections (A1, S9, S1-8, D3, T1 and T2) have been described in detail in Scheibner et al (2000Scheibner et al ( , 2001aScheibner et al ( , 2001b.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The late Campanian-early Eocene paleogeographic setting of the Galala area can be subdivided into three different areas (Scheibner et al 2001a). The northern realm is characterized by erosion or non-deposition resulting mostly from the uplift of the northern Galala/ Wadi Araba High (NGWA High).…”

Section: Paleoenvironment and Lithostratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further south (sections S1-9 around St. Paul, Fig. 1) basinal chalks prevail (Scheibner et al 2001a). Due to the southward progradation of the carbonate platform and the better exposure of this platform, subsequent Paleogene deposits have a much wider aerial distribution than their upper Cretaceous counterparts (Kuss et al 2000b, Scheibner et al 2001a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) basinal chalks prevail (Scheibner et al 2001a). Due to the southward progradation of the carbonate platform and the better exposure of this platform, subsequent Paleogene deposits have a much wider aerial distribution than their upper Cretaceous counterparts (Kuss et al 2000b, Scheibner et al 2001a). Based on the observed broad depositional belt of Paleocene slope deposits, a gentler inclined slope can be assumed for the late Paleocene (Kulbrok 1996;Kuss et al 2000b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From platform to basin: the evolution of a Paleocene carbonate margin (Eastern Desert, Egypt)

Scheibner

Reijmer

Marzouk

et al. 2003

International Journal of Earth Sciences

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In this study, progradation and the subsequent retrogradation of a late Paleocene isolated carbonate platform (Galala Mountains, Eastern Desert, Egypt) is demonstrated by variations of distinct facies associations from the platform margin in the north to the hemipelagic basin in the south. A combination of a sea-level drop and tectonic uplift at around 59 Ma (calcareous nannofossil biozone NP5) favored the initiation of the carbonate platform. From this time onwards, the facies distribution along the platform-basin transect can be subdivided into five facies belts comprising nine different facies associations. Their internal relationships and specific depositional settings are strongly coupled with the Maastrichtian-Paleocene seafloor topography, which resulted from local tectonic movements. Patch reefs and reef debris were deposited at the platform margin and the horizontally bedded limestones on the upper slope. Slumps and debris flows were stored on the lower slope. In the subhorizontal toe-of-slope facies belt, mass-flow deposits pass into calciturbidites. Further southwards in the basin, only hemipelagic marls were deposited. Between 59 and 56.2 Ma (NP5-NP8), the overall carbonate platform system prograded in several pulses. Distinct changes in facies associations from 56.2 to 55.5 Ma (NP9) resulted from rotational block movements. They led to increased subsidence at the platform margin and a coeval uplift in the toe-of-slope areas. This resulted in the retrogradation of the carbonate platform. Furthermore the patch-reef and reef-debris facies associations were substituted by the larger foraminifera shoal association. The retrogradation is also documented by a significant decrease in slump and debris-flow deposits on the slope and calciturbidites at the toe of slope.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Paleoenvironment and Lithostratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From platform to basin: the evolution of a Paleocene carbonate margin (Eastern Desert, Egypt)

Scheibner

Reijmer

Marzouk

et al. 2003

International Journal of Earth Sciences

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“…The Maastrichtian-lower Eocene deposits of a carbonate platform margin-to-basin transect in the Galala Mountains (approximately 200 km SE of Cairo on the western side of the Gulf of Suez) exhibit excellently exposed outcrops across the upper Paleocene to lower Eocene. Over 20 sections have been studied during the last years with respect to lithostratigraphy and paleogeography (Scheibner et al, 2001a), biostratigraphy (Marzouk and Scheibner, 2003;Scheibner and Speijer, in press), ostracode biogeography (Morsi and Scheibner, in press) and platform evolution Scheibner et al, 2000Scheibner et al, , 2001bScheibner et al, , 2003a.…”

Section: West Carpathians (W-slovakia; 43°n Locality 4 Figs 4 5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Paleocene–early Eocene Tethyan carbonate platform evolution — A response to long- and short-term paleoclimatic change

Scheibner

Speijer

2008

Earth-Science Reviews

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163

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The early Paleogene experienced the most pronounced long-term warming trend of the Cenozoic, superimposed by transient warming events such as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The consequences of climatic perturbations and associated changes on the evolution of carbonate platforms are relatively unexplored. Today, modern carbonate platforms, especially coral reefs are highly sensitive to environmental and climatic change, which raises the question how (sub)tropical reef systems of the early Paleogene reacted to gradual and sudden global warming, eutrophication of shelf areas, enhanced CO 2 levels in an ocean with low Mg/Ca ratios. The answer to this question may help to investigate the fate of modern coral reef systems in times of global warming and rising CO 2 levels. Here we present a synthesis of Tethyan carbonate platform evolution in the early Paleogene (~59-55 Ma) concentrating on coral reefs and larger foraminifera, two important organism groups during this time interval. We discuss and evaluate the importance of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors leading to the dissimilar evolution of both groups during the early Paleogene. Detailed analyses of two carbonate platform areas at low (Egypt) and middle (Spain) paleolatitudes and comparison with faunal patterns of coeval platforms retrieved from the literature led to the distinction of three evolutionary stages in the late Paleocene to early Eocene Tethys: Stage I, late Paleocene coralgal-dominated platforms at low to middle paleolatitudes; stage II, a transitional latest Paleocene platform stage with coralgal reefs dominating at middle paleolatitudes and larger foraminifera-dominated (Miscellanea, Ranikothalia, Assilina) platforms at low paleolatitudes; and stage III, early Eocene larger foraminifera-dominated (Alveolina, Orbitolites, Nummulites) platforms at low to middle paleolatitudes. The onset of the latter prominent larger foraminifera-dominated platform correlates with the Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum. The causes for the change from coral-dominated platforms to larger foraminifera-dominated platforms are multilayered. The decline of coralgal reefs in low latitudes during platform stage II is related to overall warming, leading to sea-surface temperatures in the tropics beyond the maximum temperature range of corals. The overall low occurrence of coral reefs in the Paleogene might be related to the presence of a calcite sea. At the same time larger foraminifera started to flourish after their near extinction at the Cretaceous/ Paleogene boundary. The demise of coralgal reefs at all studied paleolatitudes in platform stage III can be founded on the effects of the PETM, resulting in short-term warming, eutrophic conditions on the shelves and acidification of the oceans, hampering the growth of aragonitic corals, while calcitic larger foraminifera flourished. In the absence of other successful carbonate-producing organisms, larger foraminifera were able to take over the role as the dominant carbonate platform inhabitant, leading to a stepw...

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Geometry and kinematics of right‐lateral transpressional faults and growth folds, the western side of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt

Said

Sakran

2021

Geological Journal

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Elaborated geological mapping and structural analysis of the Gulf of Suez's western side revealed two superimposed tectonic regimes; Late Cretaceous‐Early Eocene dextral transpression along ENE‐oriented deep‐seated faults and NE Oligo‐Miocene extension. Pre‐rift structures are represented by four ENE‐oriented right‐lateral strike‐slip deformation zones (DZ). Each DZ is defined by the ENE‐oriented right‐lateral strike‐slip faults, NE to ENE growth folds, and NW‐oriented normal faults. The orthogonal relation between the growth folds and NW‐oriented faults indicates their association to a strike‐slip tectonic regime. The tight overturned folds and the small angles between the growth fold axis and the principal deformation zone implies transpression rather than simple shearing. A transpressional tectonic regime with NW‐SE maximum principal stress (σ1) and NE‐SW minimum principal stress (σ3) were dominantly active during Late Cretaceous‐Early Eocene. The occurrence of three angular unconformities at different stratigraphic levels within the Upper Cretaceous‐Lower Eocene sedimentary sequences infer the deformation age. ENE anticlines have grown above the propagating deep‐seated transpressional faults, associated with continuous exhumation along their hinge zones and syntectonic deposition in the sub‐basins beyond their steep limbs.

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Maastrichtian-Early Eocene litho-biostratigraphy and palægeography of the northern Gulf of Suez region, Egypt

Cited by 36 publications

References 27 publications

From platform to basin: the evolution of a Paleocene carbonate margin (Eastern Desert, Egypt)

From platform to basin: the evolution of a Paleocene carbonate margin (Eastern Desert, Egypt)

Late Paleocene–early Eocene Tethyan carbonate platform evolution — A response to long- and short-term paleoclimatic change

Geometry and kinematics of right‐lateral transpressional faults and growth folds, the western side of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt

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