Abstract:Summary
Maca is known to be rich in macamides. The objective of this study was to analyse macamide profiles of macas with different colours cultivated in Yunnan, China, and commercial Peru maca by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activities of water, citric acid and alkali‐extracted polysaccharides from Yunnan and Peru macas were evaluated via DPPH radical scavenging activity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity and erythrocyte haemolysis inhibition effect a… Show more
“…The main phytochemicals found in Lepidium meyenii can be categorized into six classes: glucosinolates and isothiocyanates [54,59,63,[68][69][70][71][72], macaene and macamides [47,58,[73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81] , alkaloids [52,[82][83][84], thiohydantoins [85][86][87], polysaccharides [43,44,51,55,77,[88][89][90][91][92][93], and fatty acids [46,77,78,94,95]. Here, we discuss the in-depth contribution of polysaccharides to the nutraceutical properties of Lepidium meyenii.…”
Lepidium meyenii is a medicinal edible plant that have nutritional and therapeutic benefits due to synthesis of bioactive compounds. The main phytochemicals found in Lepidium meyenii can be categorized into six classes: glucosinolates and isothiocyanates, thiohydantoins, macaene and macamides, alkaloids, polysaccharides, and fatty acids. These compounds show a wide range of biological activities, which include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and immunomodulatory activities. Hereby, the objective of this review is to provide a wide comprehension of the nutraceutical properties of Lepidium meyenii. For that, we review and critically discussed original manuscripts describing the chemical and nutritional composition, as well as biological activities of Lepidium meyenii extracts. We showed that the nutraceutical properties of the belowground part of Lepidium meyenii shows great variations that are dependent of differences of phenotype, place of cultivation, type of soil, environmental conditions, and time of harvest. Additionally, we have demonstrated that diet supplementation with Lepidium meyenii may exert several health prophylactics benefits.
“…The main phytochemicals found in Lepidium meyenii can be categorized into six classes: glucosinolates and isothiocyanates [54,59,63,[68][69][70][71][72], macaene and macamides [47,58,[73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81] , alkaloids [52,[82][83][84], thiohydantoins [85][86][87], polysaccharides [43,44,51,55,77,[88][89][90][91][92][93], and fatty acids [46,77,78,94,95]. Here, we discuss the in-depth contribution of polysaccharides to the nutraceutical properties of Lepidium meyenii.…”
Lepidium meyenii is a medicinal edible plant that have nutritional and therapeutic benefits due to synthesis of bioactive compounds. The main phytochemicals found in Lepidium meyenii can be categorized into six classes: glucosinolates and isothiocyanates, thiohydantoins, macaene and macamides, alkaloids, polysaccharides, and fatty acids. These compounds show a wide range of biological activities, which include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and immunomodulatory activities. Hereby, the objective of this review is to provide a wide comprehension of the nutraceutical properties of Lepidium meyenii. For that, we review and critically discussed original manuscripts describing the chemical and nutritional composition, as well as biological activities of Lepidium meyenii extracts. We showed that the nutraceutical properties of the belowground part of Lepidium meyenii shows great variations that are dependent of differences of phenotype, place of cultivation, type of soil, environmental conditions, and time of harvest. Additionally, we have demonstrated that diet supplementation with Lepidium meyenii may exert several health prophylactics benefits.
“…Six major macamides ( 10 , 11 , 16–19 ) have been quantified in the ethanol extracts of Maca. The results show that N -benzylhexadecanamide ( 10 ) is the most abundant compound in Maca from Peru, while N -benzyl-9 Z ,12 Z -octadecadienamide ( 17 ) is the richest compound in the Yunnan Maca and is the second highest abundant compound in Maca from Peru [ 22 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Chemical Constituents With Bioactivity In Macamentioning
Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.), a famous food supplement, has drawn an unprecedented international interest over the last two decades. It was assumed that glucosinolates, macamides, macaenes, and alkaloids are the main bioactive components of Maca before. Recently, a series of novel thiohydantoins which generally exhibit a variety of activities have been isolated from Maca. This review focuses on the progress on the main bioactive components of Maca and their biosynthetic pathway, which indicates that macamides, thiohydantoins, and some alkaloids may originate from glucosinolates. Interestingly, thiohydantoins from Maca are the first type of thiohydantoin derivatives to be found from a natural source and may contribute to some significant effects of Maca.Graphical Abstract
“…In addition to sexual activity, when athletes got 2 g /day, performance improved and running time was reduced [61]. By scavenging DPPH and peroxyl radicals, polysaccharides isolated from maca have protected human erythrocyte against hydrogen peroxide and inhibited the hemolysis [62]. Some studies suggested that maca consumption is well tolerated and has no adverse effect [55].…”
Section: Antioxidant Effects Of Maca As a Food Supplement In Human Numentioning
Maca plant belongs to Brassicaceae such as broccoli, cabbage and radish, and has a tuberous root. With the declaration of The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) that maca is a forgotten and disappearing plant, the fresh, dried, powder and organic forms of it take part in nutrition as a food supplement worldwide. Studies have focused on antioxidant effects depending on its bioactive components such as phenols, glucosinolates, alkamides and polysaccharides. Antioxidant enzymes and their ability of inhibition the free radicals in blood and tissues were measured to determine the antioxidant effects. The research results have suggested that these compounds present the antioxidant effect by increasing enzyme activity and scavenging free radicals. Yet further experiments are needed to understand this relation between antioxidant activity and maca's antioxidants. The objective of this chapter is to carry out the possible antioxidant activity of maca in human and animal nutrition related to its active compounds such as: phenols, glucosinolates, alkamides and polysaccharides.
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