Macacine Herpes Virus (B Virus)

Rohrman, Michele

doi:10.1177/2165079915608857

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…HBV infection is latent and is not associated with clinical signs 16 . In humans, HBV infection is rare but has been sporadically reported 33 . HBV infection can be fatal in humans 34 .…”

Section: Viral Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathologic characteristics of infectious diseases in macaque monkeys used in biomedical and toxicologic studies

Ohta

2023

J Toxicol Pathol

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Nonhuman primates (NHPs), which have many advantages in scientific research and are often the only relevant animals to use in assessing the safety profiles and biological or pharmacological effects of drug candidates, including biologics. In scientific or developmental experiments, the immune systems of animals can be spontaneously compromised possibly due to background infection, experimental procedure-associated stress, poor physical condition, or intended or unintended mechanisms of action of test articles. Under these circumstances, background, incidental, or opportunistic infections can seriously can significantly complicate the interpretation of research results and findings and consequently affect experimental conclusions. Pathologists and toxicologists must understand the clinical manifestations and pathologic features of infectious diseases and the effects of these diseases on animal physiology and experimental results in addition to the spectrum of infectious diseases in healthy NHP colonies. This review provides an overview of the clinical and pathologic characteristics of common viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infectious diseases in NHPs, especially macaque monkeys, as well as methods for definitive diagnosis of these diseases. Opportunistic infections that can occur in the laboratory setting have also been addressed in this review with examples of cases of infection disease manifestation that was observed or influenced during safety assessment studies or under experimental conditions.

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“…HBV infection is latent and is not associated with clinical signs 16 . In humans, HBV infection is rare but has been sporadically reported 33 . HBV infection can be fatal in humans 34 .…”

Section: Viral Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HBV infection in macaques is persistent and remains latent in the trigeminal and spinal ganglia. Immunosuppressive conditions, such as under stress can reactivate the infection, leading to the shedding or transmission of virus with increased antibody titers 33 , 36 , 37 .…”

Section: Viral Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathologic characteristics of infectious diseases in macaque monkeys used in biomedical and toxicologic studies

Ohta

2023

J Toxicol Pathol

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“…For those who survive, neurological impairment and further deterioration of neurological function are common. [8][9] CASE A 53-year-old man was admitted after resuscitation from a cardiac arrest on April 13, 2021. He was a veterinarian occupied primarily with the inoculation of M. mulatta (rhesus) in a local experimental animal care facility.…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal progressive ascending encephalomyelitis caused by herpes B virus infection: first case from China

Zhang¹

2022

World Journal of Emergency Medicine

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“…Typically, BV infection of its healthy natural host (macaques) is asymptomatic, with the virus becoming latent in the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia; however, it can periodically reactivate from latency and cause herpetic lesions ( 2 ). BV infection in humans was first reported in 1932; the mortality rate can reach approximately 80% if patients remain untreated ( 3 – 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, long-term prophylactic use of anti-herpetic drugs is recommended due to the high frequency of reactivation. Acyclovir (ACV) and ganciclovir (GCV), which are drugs used to treat patients with HSV or VZV infections, are used for both prophylaxis and therapy in humans infected with BV ( 5 , 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of antiviral drug properties of thymidine kinase of herpes B virus using recombinant herpes simplex virus 1

Nguyen,

Fukushi,

Yamada

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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Zoonotic infection by herpes B virus (BV) causes severe neurological disease, which in the absence of appropriate treatment can have a mortality rate of 80%. Long-term administration of acyclovir or ganciclovir is the recommended prophylactic treatment option for BV infections. However, the emergence of acyclovir- and/or ganciclovir-resistant BV may become a major problem. Here, we examined the ability of BV thymidine kinase (TK) from monkeys (mBVTK) and humans (hBVTK) to acquire resistance to acyclovir and ganciclovir. The sequences of mBVTK and hBVTK differ by two amino acids. We constructed and expressed four HSV-1-based recombinant viruses (HSV-1_mBVTK, HSV-1_hBVTK, HSV-1_VZVTK, and HSV_HSV-1TK) in which the HSV-1TK gene was deleted and the TK gene of monkey BV, human BV, varicella-zoster virus, and HSV-1 was inserted, respectively. We then tested the sensitivity of these recombinant viruses to acyclovir, ganciclovir, penciclovir, and brivudine. HSV-1_HSV-1TK and wild-type HSV-1 were more susceptible to ganciclovir, acyclovir, and penciclovir than HSV-1_VZVTK, HSV-1_hBVTK, and HSV-1_mBVTK. Both HSV-1_hBVTK and HSV-1_mBVTK exhibited similar sensitivity profiles against all tested drugs: both were susceptible to acyclovir, ganciclovir, and penciclovir but resistant to brivudine. In addition, we forced HSV-1_hBVTK to replicate under selective pressure from acyclovir or ganciclovir and then examined the ability of the BV TK gene to develop drug resistance. Investigation of the drug-resistant HSV-1_hBVTK gene revealed the absence of amino acid substitutions in BV TK, suggesting that the development of acyclovir- or ganciclovir-resistant BV through mutations in the TK gene is a rare occurrence in this experimental system. IMPORTANCE Zoonotic infection of humans with herpes B virus (BV) causes severe neurological diseases. Acyclovir (ACV) and ganciclovir (GCV), most frequently used as anti-herpes drugs, are recommended for prophylaxis and therapy in human BV infection. In this study, we examined the property of BV thymidine kinase (TK) against anti-herpes drugs using a recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) carrying BV TK gene. We found that HSV-1 carrying BV TK was similarly sensitive to GCV as HSV-1 carrying varicella zoster virus TK. In addition, we demonstrated that BV TK was not mutated in the GCV- and ACV-resistant HSV-1 carrying BV TK, suggesting that ACV- or GCV-resistant BV might be rare during treatment with these antiviral drugs. These data can provide a new insight into the properties of BV TK in terms of the development of drug resistance.

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Macacine Herpes Virus (B Virus)

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Pathologic characteristics of infectious diseases in macaque monkeys used in biomedical and toxicologic studies

Pathologic characteristics of infectious diseases in macaque monkeys used in biomedical and toxicologic studies

Fatal progressive ascending encephalomyelitis caused by herpes B virus infection: first case from China

Analysis of antiviral drug properties of thymidine kinase of herpes B virus using recombinant herpes simplex virus 1

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