“…This method is used in [6], [7], [8], [9], for example, for the estimation of system inertia, and the difference between them lies in the specific identification method used and the way of data pre-processing and post-processing. In addition, with the advancement of Artificial Intelligence technology, there are also approaches that use machine learning for estimation [10], [11]. For the latter, the overall morphological characteristics of the system during oscillation are often analytically processed to estimate system inertia based on the generator swing equation, using different fitting and equivalence methods.…”