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A transmission tower or power tower is a tall structure, typically a steel lattice tower, which is employed to support an overhead power line. Economic losses will be the consequence of any transmission line system failure that disrupts the energy supply. This article describes the MD (300-600 Dev./D.E.-00) NT +9M body extension redesign and structural analysis for a 220 kV multi-circuit transmission tower. This paper pertains to the failure transmission tower structure and implementation of the failure structure through the use of CAD, ANSYS, and analytical and experimental testing. Experimental testing in 2018 resulted in the failure of this MD type transmission tower. The research conducted in this paper is the first to analyse and track the progression of failure of a segment of a transmission structure, in contrast to previous studies that have examined the behaviour and failure of a single tower. To accomplish this, a distinctive CAD/numerical model is developed in this paper. This article will provide a comprehensive discussion of the formulation and validation of the various components of this CAD/numerical model, which are reported in various sections of paper. This study helps build transmission towers to handle rising voltage and power demands in electrical networks.
A transmission tower or power tower is a tall structure, typically a steel lattice tower, which is employed to support an overhead power line. Economic losses will be the consequence of any transmission line system failure that disrupts the energy supply. This article describes the MD (300-600 Dev./D.E.-00) NT +9M body extension redesign and structural analysis for a 220 kV multi-circuit transmission tower. This paper pertains to the failure transmission tower structure and implementation of the failure structure through the use of CAD, ANSYS, and analytical and experimental testing. Experimental testing in 2018 resulted in the failure of this MD type transmission tower. The research conducted in this paper is the first to analyse and track the progression of failure of a segment of a transmission structure, in contrast to previous studies that have examined the behaviour and failure of a single tower. To accomplish this, a distinctive CAD/numerical model is developed in this paper. This article will provide a comprehensive discussion of the formulation and validation of the various components of this CAD/numerical model, which are reported in various sections of paper. This study helps build transmission towers to handle rising voltage and power demands in electrical networks.
The global demand for sustainable and ecologically friendly energy sources has spurred biodiesel research. Civilization, urbanization, and population growth have drastically boosted transportation energy consumption. Energy demand is causing fossil fuel crises. Replace petroleum diesel to solve energy and environmental problems. Biofuels have very vast scope in the area of energy sector. Karanja oil, derived from the seeds of the Karanja tree (Pongamia pinnata), is a promising biodiesel feedstock due to its high Free Fatty Acid content. This study uses Oscillatory Baffled Reactor (OBR) to produce biodiesel from Karanja oil. The feedstock is high-FFA Karanja oil trans-esterified in two steps. In OBR, reaction time is only 15 min, whereas in conventional reactor it takes 1–2 h to produce biodiesel. Optimizing biodiesel synthesis involved varying H2SO4 concentrations from 1 vol% to 5 vol% and 0.3 to1.0 wt% of NaOH concentration for first and second step respectively. Oil-to-alcohol molar ratios 1:6, 1:9 and 1:12. Optimization occurs at 1:12 oil-to-alcohol ratio, 1 vol% H2SO4 catalyst, and 0.6 wt% NaOH catalyst. Studies have also examined how catalyst concentration and oil: alcohol molar ratio affect biodiesel conversion and physical qualities such kinetic viscosity, specific gravity, and acid value. This study shows that OBR can increase biodiesel production from high-FFA Karanja oil, which further opens up opportunities for additional study and improvement.
Water scarcity is a global challenge, underscoring the importance of efficient water resource management. Solar stills offer a cost-effective method to convert brackish water into potable water but face productivity limitations. This study aims to enhance solar still productivity through modifications using different fin materials and water depth. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were employed to evaluate thermal performance across four scenarios: copper and aluminum fins at water depths of 20 mm and 40 mm. Key parameters including temperature distributions, friction volume, and fluid velocity were analyzed for each configuration (MSS-I to MSS-IV). Energy and exergy efficiencies were also assessed. MSS-III, utilizing copper fins at a 20 mm depth, demonstrated the highest daily productivity (8.33 liters) compared to MSS-IV (8.02 liters), MSS-I (7.81 liters), and MSS-II (6.71 liters). Energy efficiencies were highest for MSS-III (60.10%), followed by MSS-IV (57.41%), MSS-I (55.22%), and MSS-II (52.18%). MSS-III also exhibited the highest exergy efficiency (21.50%), with MSS-I (17.15%), MSS-IV (16.43%), and MSS-II (14.12%) following. The study underscores significant improvements in thermal and energy efficiency achieved through specific design modifications of solar stills. MSS-III’s higher performance, attributed to the use of copper fins and optimized depth, highlights the critical role of material selection and structural design in enhancing solar still productivity. These findings have important implications for sustainable water resource management, emphasizing the potential of optimized solar still designs to address water scarcity challenges.
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