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Cementing is a critical stage in the well construction process, providing zonal isolation, support, and protection for casing. Cement slurry design is a key element in cementing and represents a complex chemical process. Designing slurries with numerous chemical properties is challenging as it must account for often-contradictory requirements. Conventional slurry design relies heavily on using traditional search methods, based on applying numerous filters containing slurry composition, test conditions, additives, etc. This approach is highly ineffective, tedious, and time consuming, and can lead to suboptimal results, because of an engineer’s subjective experience and biases. In this paper we present an artificial intelligence-(AI-)based cement slurry design recommendation system that recommends the most relevant slurry designs based on slurry composition, well conditions, and laboratory test results. The original database contains ~230,000 formulations and ~2 million tests completed since 2018. These data are cleaned, preprocessed, and fed into the recommendation system, which is built in two steps. First, vectorization of all historical slurry records is performed with consistent feature engineering. Key slurry features include slurry composition, well conditions, and laboratory test results. Second, these vectors are used to compute similarity metrics between slurry records applying AI-based algorithms, such as clustering, exact, and approximate nearest-neighbor methods. In the inference phase, the system uses the computed similarity metrics to recommend the most relevant slurries for a set of design requirements. The AI-based system is data-driven and objectively recommends the most relevant slurries for a set of design requirements, from the database. A comparative study of the tested AI algorithms and their corresponding outcomes is presented. Specific evaluation metrics are proposed to evaluate the recommendation results. The recommended slurries are visualized in both tabular and graphical forms, for user-friendly analysis. In addition, several examples are provided that demonstrate how this innovative approach improves the slurry design methodology. The proposed approach enables retrieval of the relevant slurry candidates from a huge database in seconds, compared to performing manual search and analysis, which can take hours. The recommended slurries form a solid foundation for later stages of the slurry design process. Furthermore, smart selection of slurries saves many hours of expensive laboratory testing.
Cementing is a critical stage in the well construction process, providing zonal isolation, support, and protection for casing. Cement slurry design is a key element in cementing and represents a complex chemical process. Designing slurries with numerous chemical properties is challenging as it must account for often-contradictory requirements. Conventional slurry design relies heavily on using traditional search methods, based on applying numerous filters containing slurry composition, test conditions, additives, etc. This approach is highly ineffective, tedious, and time consuming, and can lead to suboptimal results, because of an engineer’s subjective experience and biases. In this paper we present an artificial intelligence-(AI-)based cement slurry design recommendation system that recommends the most relevant slurry designs based on slurry composition, well conditions, and laboratory test results. The original database contains ~230,000 formulations and ~2 million tests completed since 2018. These data are cleaned, preprocessed, and fed into the recommendation system, which is built in two steps. First, vectorization of all historical slurry records is performed with consistent feature engineering. Key slurry features include slurry composition, well conditions, and laboratory test results. Second, these vectors are used to compute similarity metrics between slurry records applying AI-based algorithms, such as clustering, exact, and approximate nearest-neighbor methods. In the inference phase, the system uses the computed similarity metrics to recommend the most relevant slurries for a set of design requirements. The AI-based system is data-driven and objectively recommends the most relevant slurries for a set of design requirements, from the database. A comparative study of the tested AI algorithms and their corresponding outcomes is presented. Specific evaluation metrics are proposed to evaluate the recommendation results. The recommended slurries are visualized in both tabular and graphical forms, for user-friendly analysis. In addition, several examples are provided that demonstrate how this innovative approach improves the slurry design methodology. The proposed approach enables retrieval of the relevant slurry candidates from a huge database in seconds, compared to performing manual search and analysis, which can take hours. The recommended slurries form a solid foundation for later stages of the slurry design process. Furthermore, smart selection of slurries saves many hours of expensive laboratory testing.
In dynamic landscape of oil and gas drilling, Generative Artificial Intelligence (Generative AI) emerges as the indispensable ally, leveraging historical drilling data to revolutionize operational efficiency, mitigate risks, and empower informed decision-making. Existing Generative AI methods and tools, such as Large Language Models (LLMs) and agents, require tuning and customization to the oil and gas drilling sector. Applying Generative AI in drilling confronts hurdles such as ensuring data quality and navigating the complexity of operations. A methodology integrating Generative AI into drilling demands is comprehensive and interdisciplinary. Agile strategy revolves around constructing a network of specialized agents of LLMs, meticulously crafted to understand industry-specific terminology and intricate operational relationships rooted in drilling domain expertise. Every agent is linked to manuals, standards, specific operational drilling data source and it has unique instructions optimizing computational efficiency and driving cost savings. Moreover, to ensure cost-effectiveness, LLMs are selectively employed, while repetitive user inquiries are addressed through data retrieval from an aggregated storage. Consistent responses to user queries are provided through text and graphs revealing insights from drilling operations, standards, manuals, practices, and lessons learned. Applied methodology efficiently navigates inside the pre-processed user database relying on custom agents developed. Communication with the user is set in the form of chat framed within a web application, and queries on the database about hundreds of wells are answered in less than a minute. Methodology can analyze data and graphs by comparing Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). A wide range of graph output is represented by bar charts, scatter plots, and maps, including self-explaining charts like Time versus Depth Curve (TVD) with Non-Productive Time (TVD) events marked with details underneath. Understanding the data content, data preparation steps, and user needs is fundamental to a successful methodology application. The proposed Generative AI methodology is not just a tool for data interpretation, but a catalyst for real-time decision-making in complex drilling environments. Its integration into oil and gas drilling operations signifies a pivotal advancement, showcasing its transformative potential in revolutionizing the industry's landscape. This approach leads to notable cost reductions, improved resource utilization, and increased productivity, paving the way for a new era in drilling operations. A method driven by selective, cost-effective, and domain specific LLM agents stands poised to revolutionize drilling operations, seamlessly integrating generative AI to amplify efficiency and propel informed decision-making within the oil and gas drilling sector.
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