Machine learning models for outcome prediction of Chinese uveal melanoma patients: A 15‐year follow‐up study

Abstract

Dear EditorUveal melanoma (UM) is the most frequent primary malignant intraocular tumor in adults with an estimated incidence of 4-5 per million per year in western countries [1]. About 50% of UM patients eventually develop metastasis. In a previous study, the prognosis of Chinese UM was mainly correlated with visual clinical features and gene sequencing results. Models designed to predict UM prognosis have been previously described [2], but these studies were based on Caucasians, not Chinese. Further, our previous study [3] determined that the clinical characteristics were different between Chinese and Caucasian UM patients. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the clinical characteristics and survival status of 1553 patients diagnosed with UM over a period of 15 years in China, and also included factors that were not included in our previous study, such as the largest basal diameter, thickness, tumor size after updating the criteria, pigmentation, whether complicated with intraocular hemorrhage, ciliary body involvement, extraocular extension and TNM stage. We also constructed comprehensive prognostic models to predict the risk of metastasis within 2 years and death of UM after 2 years following treatment according to clinical characteristics using machine learning. The methods of this study are described in the Supplementary File.The clinical data of the UM patients are shown in Supplementary Table S1. The mean age of subjects was 47.2 ± 12.5 years (median, 48.0 years; range, 5-85 years), indicating that the onset age is much younger than Caucasians [4] for whom it usually occurs in the fifth to sixth decades. This demonstrates one of the racial variations of the disease. Nearly 70% of patients' visual acuity was worse than the 0.30 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR). Intraocular pressure was within the normal range of 10-21 mmHg in 1279 (85.6%) patients, while it was lower than 10 mmHg in 148 (9.9%) patients and higher than 21 mmHg in 67 (4.5%) patients. The mean largest basal

Characteristics, Treatments, and Survival of Uveal Melanoma: A Comparison between Chinese and American Cohorts

“…In Bishop K D’s [ 33 ] review of SEER data, he reported a 5-year survival of 78.4% in 7069 ocular melanoma patients. Our team [ 11 ] reported a 5-year survival of 84.0% in a Chinese cohort in analysis of 1500 individuals. This is corroborated by, Han Yue et al [ 4 ]’s work, which revealed a 5-year all-cause mortality rate of 16% among Chinese patients.…”

“…Beijing Tongren Hospital was founded in 1886 and is one of the oldest and largest eye hospitals in China. We receive referrals of patients with UM from 32 provinces across China, which enabled us to accrue a large cohort of Asian UM patients [ 11 ]. Through collection of clinical samples and data including clinical information, tumor tissue and blood samples, we designed the Tongren-ophthalmology Research Association of Clinical Evaluation (TRACE), a database for the research of UM in China.…”

Prognosis Prediction of Uveal Melanoma After Plaque Brachytherapy Based on Ultrasound With Machine Learning

“…We previously applied machine learning technology to establish a model to predict whether a patient would die or metastasize within 2 years after initial treatment. This model achieved an overall accuracy of 77.0 and 75.0% with all features (77). Information extracted from B-ultrasound images was additionally applied to machine learning to provide personalized risk prediction.…”

Microbiome typing in uveal melanoma is associated with plaque radiotherapy

“…We recorded demographic information (age, sex), eye and tumor features (best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, laterality, tumor size, shape, pigmentation, location, optic disc involvement, association with subretinal uid, intraocular hemorrhage, ciliary body involvement and pathological types). Whether or not to receive PRT depends on the characteristics of the tumor [4] and the patient's will. Otherwise, we recorded the time of tumor metastasis and death.…”

“…Studies have shown that nearly 50% of patients develop metastases, with liver involvement more common, and nearly 80% of patients die within one year after metastasis [3]. At present, the treatment of UM is mainly divided into enucleation and eye-preserving therapy, in which plaque brachytherapy, a kind of plaque radiotherapy (PRT) is the main treatment [4].…”