“…Once created, digital data can easily be stored on a hard disk as a series of named les, yet this approach does little to ensure that the data can be found, understood, and reused in the future by collaborators, the community, or machines, without insight from the original data creators. 48 This problem is further exacerbated by the fact that most researchers are accustomed to the le systems of their laptops, but lack the background, training, or incentive to use shared community databases, common metadata standards, unique data identiers, and well-dened vocabularies. Furthermore, there are additional technical challenges connected to choosing appropriate databases (hierarchical, relational, non-relational) and data storage with appropriate data protection, safety, and maintenance (local or cloud).…”