“…Hybrid flow shops occur widely in current-day manufacturing, and are often enriched with complex and practical constraints such as limited buffers (Baumann and Trautmann, 2013;Liu et al, 2017), no buffers (Grabowski and Pempera, 2000;Gicquel et al, 2012), limited-waiting restrictions (Gicquel et al, 2012), no-wait constraints (Grabowski and Pempera, 2000;Berghman et al, 2014;Berghman and Leus, 2015), machine eligibility constraints (Liu et al, 2017;Shahvari and Logendran, 2018), re-entrant flows (Chamnanlor et al, 2014;Schulze et al, 2016), batch processing (Liu et al, 2017;Tan et al, 2018), release dates (Shahvari and Logendran, 2018), sequence-dependent setup times (Bang and Kim, 2011), dedicated machines (Hadda et al, 2014), and so on. These technical constraints often arise with multiple stages (Almada-Lobo et al, 2008;Gicquel et al, 2012;Baumann and Trautmann, 2013;Chamnanlor et al, 2014) and large-scale instances (Almada-Lobo et al, 2008;Baumann and Trautmann, 2013;Schulze et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2017), resulting in a complicated and difficult problem. Chamnanlor et al (2014), for example, solve a case of hard-disk production with 17 stages.…”