Machine Translation Techniques and their Comparative Study

Abstract

Human beings exhibit a striking quality of communicating with each other. Communication by means of a system of communication based upon words and the combination of words into sentences, referred as linguistic communication.None of non-human species have such a system of communication in place that's comparable to human language. What makes languages of human varied and different, are features of duality and arbitrary. In annuals of Anthropology, language is considered as a primary tool for studying the culture of a civilization, what we speak influences what we think, what we feel and what we believe. Culture is transmitted through language. Humans learn their culture through language. Its inquisitive nature of human and passion to travel across the world, warrants different cultures interact with each other, the means to achieve this is through human language, often interacting cultures communicate through different languages. As such, it's essential that humans translate and interpret languages of different cultures for understand their rituals, business and allied activities. With advancements in technology, computer systems have facilitated the translations of languages and achieved results in minimal amount of time, though these systems do not produce exact translated verse but enough and relevant information that could be used by the information professionals to understand the nature of information contained in the document, tools like Babelfish and Google Translator are examples of such systems. Numerous techniques have been developed to automate the translation process and these are termed under Machine Translation, which can be defined as a task of automatically converting one natural language into another, preserving the meaning of the input text, and producing fluent text in the output language. These automated translation systems use state of art technology with wideranging dictionaries and a collection of linguistic rules that translate one language into another without relying on human translators. The motivation of this research is to have a comparative study of machine translation techniques used for multilingual translation vis-à-vis efficiency, ease of use, space-time complexity and creation of experimental framework for comparing machine translation techniques using open-source translation tools.

Kültürel Unsurlarin Aktariminda Si̇ni̇rsel Maki̇ne Çevi̇ri̇si̇ni̇n İşlerli̇ği̇: Nasreddi̇n Hoca Fikralari Üzeri̇ne İnceleme

“…Kaynak ve hedef dil arasında ortak dilbilgisi kurallarını temel alan kural tabanlı yöntemden farklı olarak istatistiksel yöntemde, derlemi oluşturan olasılıklardan hareketle çeviri işlemi gerçekleştirilmektedir. Karma makine çevirisi yöntemi, kural tabanlı ve istatistiksel makine çeviri yöntemlerinin en iyi özelliklerini birleştiren bir yöntem olarak nitelendirilmiştir (Ashraf & Ahmad, 2015). Bir başka söylemle, kural tabanlı yöntem çevrilecek metinlerin dilbilgisel çözümlemesini, istatistiksel yöntem ise derlemdeki cümleleri bağlamlarına göre tanımlayıp en olası çeviriyi seçmektedir.…”

Machine Translation Using Deep Learning: A Comparison

“…Interlingual machine translation is not merely a dictionary mapping. This system transforms the source sentence into an interlingual language, i.e., a neural language independent of both the source and the target languages [2]. Thus the target sentences are produced from the abstract interlingual representation.…”

Parallel Corpora Preparation for English-Amharic Machine Translation

“…The word's comparable is utilized to build up the deciphered verse. The original of machine translation (late 1940s to 1960s) was altogether in light of machine-readable or electronic lexicons [4][5][6]. The rule based MT demands various kinds of linguistic resources such as morphological analyzer and synthesizer, syntactic parsers, semantic analyzers and so on [8,9].…”