Machine type communications: key drivers and enablers towards the 6G era

Mahmood, Nurul Huda; Böcker, Stefan; Moerman, Ingrid; López, Onel L. Alcaraz; Munari, Andrea; Mikhaylov, Konstantin; Clazzer, Federico; Bartz, Hannes; Park, Ok-Sun; Mercier, Éric; Saidi, Selma; Osorio, Diana Pamela Moya; Jäntti, Riku; Pragada, Ravikumar; Annanperä, Elina; Ma, Yihua; Wietfeld, Christian; Andraud, Martin; Liva, Gianluigi; Chen, Yan; Garro, Eduardo; Burkhardt, Frank; Liu, Chen-Feng; Alves, Hirley; Sadi, Yalcin; Kelanti, Markus; Doré, Jean‐Baptiste; Kim, Eunah; Shin, Jong Gye; Park, Gi Yoon; Kim, Seok-Ki; Yoon, Chanho; Anwar, Khoirul; Seppänen, Pertti

doi:10.1186/s13638-021-02010-5

Cited by 72 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…Mission-critical MTC has been a major driver for development of 5G technologies for Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) service classes, as its high requirements pose a hard challenge for wireless deployments [2]. The evolution of mission-critical MTC towards 6G has been addressed in [1], which discusses future use cases as well as solutions to meet the ever-growing demands of such applications. We propose the STING framework as a measure to reliably test these upcoming infrastructures for resilience even in high load scenarios.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These application types are aggregated and sent from the end devices to the management and control system or vice versa, resulting in either uplink or downlink traffic depending on the application. This approach enables analysis of various application types and requirements with different demands regarding latency and reliability, leading to an emulation of mixed-criticality applications [1].…”

Section: Traffic Generation Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, especially in the aforementioned domains, reliability and guaranteed service quality are critical, and while every wireless communication is in principle prone to interference by other (known or unknown) transmissions in the same frequency range, this is especially true for those in unlicensed frequency bands like Wi-Fi. Future developments incorporate application-aware connectivity solutions and even Multiple Radio Access Technology (Multi-RAT) approaches [1], which will have to prove their suitability for specific mission-critical MTC applications in high load scenarios. Therefore, deliberate resilience testing and evaluation depending on the targeted application is necessary to avoid malfunctioning systems in advance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pushing the Limits: Resilience Testing for Mission-Critical Machine-Type Communication

Arendt¹,

Patchou²,

Böcker³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Interdisciplinary application fields, such as automotive, industrial applications or field robotics show an increasing need for reliable and resilient wireless communication even under high load conditions. These mission-critical applications require dependable service quality characteristics in terms of latency and especially stability. Current deployments often use either wired links that lack the flexibility to accommodate them, or wireless technologies that are susceptible to interference. Depending on the application and the surrounding environments, different technologies can meet the associated requirements and have to be tested deliberately to prevent unexpected system failure. To stress test these infrastructures in a reproducible and application-aware manner, we propose STING, a spatially distributed traffic and interference generation framework. STING is evaluated in a remote control test case of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle that serves as a scout in Search and Rescue missions. A significant impact of interference on the remote control quality of experience is shown in tests with different operators, which result in an 80% increase in completion time in our test scenario with high interference on the radio channel. With this case study, we have proven STING to be a reliable and reproducible way to asses resilience against interference of wireless machine-type communication use cases. Our concept can find use for any type of wireless technology, in unlicensed (e.g. Wi-Fi) as well as licensed bands (e.g. 5G).

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Traffic Generation Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pushing the Limits: Resilience Testing for Mission-Critical Machine-Type Communication

Arendt¹,

Patchou²,

Böcker³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…A robust, scalable, and efficient 6G network is thus necessary to meet the diverse requirements of the upcoming decade. Research efforts towards defining 6G have been pursued by academic researchers [2], [8]- [10], major international research projects [11] and key industrial players [12], [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Functional Architecture for 6G Special-Purpose Industrial IoT Networks

Mahmood

Berardinelli

Khatib³

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf.

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Future industrial applications will encompass compelling new use cases requiring stringent performance guarantees over multiple key performance indicators (KPI) such as reliability, dependability, latency, time synchronization, security, etc. Achieving such stringent and diverse service requirements necessitates the design of a special-purpose Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) network comprising a multitude of specialized functionalities and technological enablers. This article proposes an innovative architecture for such a special-purpose 6G IIoT network incorporating seven functional building blocks categorized into: special-purpose functionalities and enabling technologies. The former consists of Wireless Environment Control, Traffic/Channel Prediction, Proactive Resource Management and End-to-End Optimization functions; whereas the latter includes Synchronization and Coordination, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Algorithms, and Auxiliary Functions. The proposed architecture aims at providing a resource-efficient and holistic solution for the complex and dynamically challenging requirements imposed by future 6G industrial use cases. Selected test scenarios are provided and assessed to illustrate cross-functional collaboration and demonstrate the applicability of the proposed architecture in a wireless IIoT network.

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“…Note that short packet transmission [ 3 ] is a key feature of modern wireless systems, ultra-reliable networks, sensor networks, massive machine-type communications (MTC), and IoT applications [ 4 ]. The prevalence of such systems and networks in the modern world requires the creation of new and the adaptation of existing approaches, to ensure the transmitted information integrity and confidentiality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permutation-Based Block Code for Short Packet Communication Systems

Faure

Shcherba

Makhynko³

et al. 2022

Sensors

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This paper presents an approach to the construction of block error-correcting code for data transmission systems with short packets. The need for this is driven by the necessity of information interaction between objects of machine-type communication network with a dynamically changing structure and unique system of commands or alerts for each network object. The codewords of a code are permutations with a given minimum pairwise Hamming distance. The purpose of the study is to develop a statistical method for constructing a code, in contrast to known algebraic methods, and to investigate the code size. An algorithm for generating codewords has been developed. It can be implemented both by enumeration of the full set of permutations, and by enumeration of a given number of randomly selected permutations. We have experimentally determined the dependencies of the average and the maximum values of the code size on the size of a subset of permutations used for constructing the code. A technique for computing approximation quadratic polynomials for the determined code size dependencies has been developed. These polynomials and their corresponding curves estimate the size of a code generated from a subset of random permutations of such a size that a statistically significant experiment cannot be performed. The results of implementing the developed technique for constructing a code based on permutations of lengths 7 and 11 have been presented. The prediction relative error of the code size did not exceed the value of 0.72% for permutation length 11, code distance 9, random permutation subset size 50,000, and permutation statistical study range limited by 5040.

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Machine type communications: key drivers and enablers towards the 6G era

Cited by 72 publications

References 70 publications

Pushing the Limits: Resilience Testing for Mission-Critical Machine-Type Communication

Pushing the Limits: Resilience Testing for Mission-Critical Machine-Type Communication

A Functional Architecture for 6G Special-Purpose Industrial IoT Networks

Permutation-Based Block Code for Short Packet Communication Systems

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