Macro economic impact, reduction of fee deficit and profitability of a sustainable transport model based on electric mobility. Case study: City of León (Spain)

Toward the sustainable development of urban areas: An overview of global trends in trials and policies

“…Alongside advocating for compact urban development, there is a call for relying on mass transit as opposed to private cars (Dirgahayani and Nakamura, 2012), or nonmotorized methods (Al-Hinti et al, 2007;Abdallah et al, 2013;Shiau, 2012), whether for personal movement or short-haul trips involving light commodities (Norcliffe, 2011). Urging people to use public transit and non-motorized modes is especially important given the disappointment that followed the CAVITAS initiative in Europe (Dziekan, 2012;Lindholm, 2010) and the cordon taxes for decreasing traffic congestion (Colmenar-Santos et al, 2013).…”

“…They argued that these policies only provide temporary relief and are not a cure. In Spain, Colmenar-Santos et al (2013) recorded the consumption of oil by the transportation sector. They compared the cost of oil consumption with the cost of electric power consumption for both private and public vehicles on Spain's streets.…”

Dissemination of electric vehicles in urban areas: Major factors for success

“…Similar analysis but with the focus on planning-related issues is documented by van Wee et al [62]. More detailed investigations of specific electro mobility issues in different cities are provided by Colmenar et al [10] for the Spanish city of Leon, by Raslavicius et al [48] for city of Kaunas in Lithuania, by Jian [29] for Being and Perujo et al [45] for the Province of Milano (Italy). The potential impacts of EVs on air quality in Spanish cities Barcelona and Madrid is documented in Ref.…”

Analysis and quality of service evaluation of a fast charging station for electric vehicles

“…A review of national targets can be found in [1], which forecasts an annual production of over 100 million vehicles by 2050. The main advantage of the EVs is their potential to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels, as well as the emissions caused by fuel combustion [2] - [4]. In addition, EVs may facilitate the integration of renewable energy systems into the grid [5] - [7].…”