Macro-Microscopic Atlas on Heartwood of Santalum album L. (Sandalwood)

Sundharamoorthy, Susikumar; Govindarajan, Nartunai; Chinnathambi, Arunachalam; Ilavarasan, R.

doi:10.5530/pj.2018.4.122

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…[39] Sandalwood can be anatomically differentiated by the presence of vessels arrangement mostly solitary diffused porous, even 2 or 3 together λ=254 nm λ=366 nm λ=520 nm (Derivitized) occasionally, vessel number of 27 to 61 per sq mm, length of 150 to 380 µm, medullar rays are mostly uni and bi-seriate, 6 to 10 ray groups per sq mm, height 160 to 360 µm, 8 to 36 µm wide and 12 to 48 cell rows high; fibre 16 to 20 in diameter, up to 1300 µm in long, stored with brownish content. [28,29] E. monogynum has diffused porous vessels arranged in radial multiplication groups of as many as 6 to 8 vessels, but minimum 2 and maximum 11 celled group, 95 to 120 per mm 2 , length 270 to 1200 µm, ray cells uni and bi-seriate, 38 to 48 ray groups per mm 2 , 120 to 350 µm height, 15 to 35 µm wide and 4 to 16 cell rows high; fibres lumen non-storied, middle lamellae present between adjacent walls, 600 to 1600 µm in length, 7 to 11.5 µm wall thickness and up to 27 in width.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[27] The wood oil has characteristic pleasant odour and a pungent taste; it is used as a substitute and adulterant for sandalwood oil and used in perfumery. [28][29][30] Most often in temple street shops E. monogynum heartwood is sold as sandalwood and people buy it based on its aroma and texture. E. monogynum is locally called as Devadari, Davadaru, Davadaram and Vella-devadaram.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macro-microscopy and HPTLC Atlas of Heartwood of Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb. (Indian Bastard Sandalwood)

Sundharamoorthy¹,

Narayana²,

Vellaiyan³

et al. 2022

Pharmacogn. Res.

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Background: Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb. (Fam. Erythroxylaceae) is a tree growing up to 9 m in dry evergreen to deciduous forests, distributed in South India mainly on the Deccan plateau, up to 3000 ft. The wood oil possesses characteristic pleasant odour and a pungent taste, hence adulterated with sandalwood oil in perfumery. Traditionally wood oil is used for webbing eczema; bark and wood used for stomach ailments, as a stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic, for dyspepsia and also for continuous fever. E. monogynum is used as adulterant in the herbal drug market for the heartwood of sandal on account of their morphological and organoleptic resemblances. Objectives: A systematic pharmacognostical study of dried stem heartwood of E. monogynum has been executed to identify the microscopical and phytochemical features. Materials and Methods: Morphology, anatomy, powder microscopy and TLC/HPTLC studies were carried out by standard Pharmacopoeial protocols. Results: Surface characters, odour, taste, arrangement of xylem elements in TS, TLS, RLS, fibres, tailed pitted vessels, tyloses, xylem rays, axial parenchyma with brownish content, tracheids, fibre tracheids, prismatic crystal, crystal fibre and oil globules were the unique diagnostic characters observed. HPTLC showed 5, 6 and 11 bands under 254 nm, 366 nm and white light (post derivatisation with vanillin-sulphuric acid) respectively. The denistogram showed 12, 10 and 13 peaks at UV 254 nm, 366 nm and 520 nm after derivatisation. Conclusion:The findings of the present study will be helpful in identification of this raw drug as a whole or as a powder.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macro-microscopy and HPTLC Atlas of Heartwood of Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb. (Indian Bastard Sandalwood)

Sundharamoorthy¹,

Narayana²,

Vellaiyan³

et al. 2022

Pharmacogn. Res.

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“…The fruits were submerged in water for 12 hr and free-hand transverse sections are taken following standard procedures. [38][39][40] Macro-morphological characters were examined under Zeiss stereo Discovery V.8 fitted with Axiocam ERc5s and micro-morphological characters were examined under Zeiss Axiolab 5 fitted with Axiocam 208 color camera. Powder characters were drawn under 200X magnifications with the help Olympus BX43 Trinocular microscope fitted with a drawing tube.…”

Section: Macro-microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Macro-microscopic and HPTLC Atlas of Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. Fruit

Sundharamoorthy¹,

Sundharamoorthy²,

Mandal³

et al. 2023

Pharmacogn. Res.

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Background: Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. (Family Leguminosae) is a large annual or perennial climber with a terete glabrous stem, native to Indo-Malaysian and also distributed in tropical, subtropical regions. C. gladiata (Jacq.) DC. is generally confused with another closely related species i.e. C. ensiformis (Linn.) DC (Jack bean). The tender pods of both the above species have close similarity in morphology, especially shape and size of fruit, therefore it is difficult to differentiate on their vegetative and also fruiting stages. The plant C. ensiformis mentioned as a synonym of C. gladiata in many of the earlier literature though they are 2 different taxa. Some authors published different colour seeds in the name of C. gladiata. It is doubtful if C. ensiformis (Linn.) DC. or C. gladiata (Jacq.) DC was studied during that analysis. Objectives: A systematic pharmacognostical study has been executed to identify the correct botanical source. Materials and Methods: All the studies were carried out by standard procedures in Pharmacopoeias and other authentic literature. Results: Macroscopically surface characters followed by odour and taste, anatomically TS of the pericarp, plecenta, testa, cotyledon and radical, powder microscopically epidermal cells with stomata and prismatic crystal cystolith, trichomes, testa palisade cells, sclereids with different shape and size, brownish content, starch grains, tracheids, fibres and prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate are the unique diagnostic characters observed. HPTLC with different spots having unique Rf values in the pericarp, testa, cotyledon and seeds will be helpful for critical identification of the species. Conclusion: The findings of the present study will be helpful in the identification and differentiation of related species as the whole drug or in powder form.

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Anatomy of Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album L.)

Sinha

Rao

2022

Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials

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Macro-Microscopic Atlas on Heartwood of Santalum album L. (Sandalwood)

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Macro-microscopy and HPTLC Atlas of Heartwood of Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb. (Indian Bastard Sandalwood)

Macro-microscopy and HPTLC Atlas of Heartwood of Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb. (Indian Bastard Sandalwood)

Macro-microscopic and HPTLC Atlas of Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. Fruit

Anatomy of Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album L.)

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