Macroalgae Systematics

Dawes, Clinton J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802772-1.00004-x

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Macroalgae form the basic biomass in the intertidal zone and they lack many of the distinct organs found in terrestrial plants. There are more than 19,000 different species of macroalgae [15,16] frequently classified on the basis of their photosynthetic pigments but also by differences in many ultra-structural and biochemical features including type of storage material, cell wall composition, presence/absence of flagella, ultrastructure of mitosis, connections between adjacent cells, and the fine structure of the chloroplasts [17,18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are usually divided into three divisions: green (phylum Charophyta and phylum Chlorophyta), red (phylum Rhodophyta), and brown (phylum Ochrophyta, class Phaeophyceae) [16]. The class of brown algae contains about 265 genera and 2040 species; about 95% of these species are marine organisms that are most prevalent in cold to temperate waters [16,20]. However, only three orders, namely Laminariales, Fucales and Dictyotales, and among them species of Laminaria , Ecklonia , Undaria , Himanthalia, and Dictyota, have been extensively investigated for their phytochemical composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenolic Content of Brown Algae (Pheophyceae) Species: Extraction, Identification, and Quantification

et al. 2019

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Over the last few decades, isolations and chemical characterizations of secondary metabolites with proved biological activities have been of interest for numerous research groups across the world. Phenolics, as one of the largest and most widely distributed group of phytochemicals, have gained special attention due to their pharmacological activity and array of health-promoting benefits. Reports on phenolic potentials of marine algae, especially brown algae (Pheophyceae) that are characterized by the presence of phlorotannins, are still scarce. The aim of this review paper is to provide an overview of current knowledge about phenolic potential of different brown algae species (74 species from 7 different orders). Studies on brown algae phenolics usually involve few species, thus the focus of this review is to provide information about the phenolic potential of reported algae species and to get an insight into some issues related to the applied extraction procedures and determination/quantification methods to facilitate the comparison of results from different studies. The information provided through this review should be useful for the design and interpretation of studies investigating the brown algae as a source of valuable phytochemicals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenolic Content of Brown Algae (Pheophyceae) Species: Extraction, Identification, and Quantification

et al. 2019

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“…In the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the macroalgae because they are rich sources of unique bioactive and biopolymerbased compounds with great potential for the food and non-food sector [1,2]. Macroalgae are generally classified in the following three groups, Chlorophyta (green algae), Phaeophyta (brown algae) and Rhodophyta (red algae) [3,4]. Namely, the Rhodophyta are rich in bioactive compounds such as proteins, carotenoids, phenolics or vitamins [5] as well as an important source of gelling biopolymers like carrageenan or agar, which represents about 20% on dry basis [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microwave assisted extraction sway on the features of antioxidant compounds and gelling biopolymers from Mastocarpus stellatus

2020

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Microwave assisted water extraction of hybrid carrageenan and antioxidant compounds from Mastocarpus stellatus red alga was first proposed to recover biopolymers with specific rheological properties, saving time, avoiding chemicals and enhancing extraction yields when compared with conventional treatments. The hybrid carrageenans, precipitated from the liquid fractions recovered after microwave assisted water extraction were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance, high-performance size-exclusion chromatography and rheology. The corresponding soluble extracts were also characterized by total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, proteins, sulfate and carbohydrate content. The highest phenolic, antioxidant capacity and sulfate content were observed at 190°C, without notable effect of heating time between 3 and 6 min. In contrast, a clear impact of both microwave heating temperature and time on the molecular weight distribution of hybrid carrageenans as well as on the viscoelastic behavior of formulated hydrogels was identified, being the strongest hydrogels achieved at 170°C for 6 min. It should be highlighted that all proposed hydrogels exhibited stable mechanical properties in the absence of syneresis for a month of cold storage, except those made with biopolymers obtained with the mildest extraction conditions (3 min at 70°C).

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“…Most are marine, where they play predominant roles as primary producers in coastal waters of the planet 1 . Despite being avascular and lacking true roots, stems, leaves and complex reproductive structures, some macroalgae display plant‐like appearances, in that they present differentiated thalli with attachment organs (holdfasts), stem‐like structures (stipes) and photosynthetic blades (fronds) 2 . Marine macroalgae can be divided into three phyla: Chlorophyta (green), Rhodophyta (red) and Ochrophyta (brown), classified according to photosynthetic pigment content, carbohydrate reserves, cell wall components and flagella construction and orientation 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The underexplored potential of green macroalgae in aquaculture

Moreira

Cruz

Marques

et al. 2021

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Green macroalgae (Chlorophyta) currently represent a residual fraction (<1%) of global seaweed biomass production landings. In turn, red (Rhodophyta) and brown (Ochrophyta) macroalgae dominate the remaining percentage of aquaculture production, exceeding 32 million tonnes per annum. However, the industry relies on a relatively low number of species, in which as few as seven macroalgal genera collectively represent the bulk of global production metrics. At present, innovation and increased sustainability of the industry calls for diversification of macroalgal species/strains in aquaculture to counteract potential adverse effects ensuing from genetic impoverishment, decreased resilience to disease and climate change. Despite the dominance of red and brown seaweed regarding production figures, aquaculture of green macroalgae has witnessed an increasing trend in productivity and diversification over the last decades, particularly in Asia, where green seaweed taxa often occupy specific market niches in the food sector. Furthermore, growing interest in green seaweeds in aquaculture has been highlighted for different applications in emerging western markets (eg IMTA, biorefineries, food delicacies), owing to a unique diversity of cytomorphologies, ecophysiological traits, propagation capacities and bioactive compounds featured by this group of macroalgae. Cultivation technologies are relatively well developed, but sustainability assessments are scarce and required to unlock the potential of green seaweeds. Although it is likely that green macroalgae will remain occupying specialised market niches, in which high‐value products are favoured, we argue that aquaculture of chlorophytan taxa presents itself as a compelling option under the current quest for commercial diversification of products and expansion of the sector.

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Macroalgae Systematics

Cited by 20 publications

References 66 publications

Phenolic Content of Brown Algae (Pheophyceae) Species: Extraction, Identification, and Quantification

Phenolic Content of Brown Algae (Pheophyceae) Species: Extraction, Identification, and Quantification

The microwave assisted extraction sway on the features of antioxidant compounds and gelling biopolymers from Mastocarpus stellatus

The underexplored potential of green macroalgae in aquaculture

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