Macroanatomic, light microscopic, and scanning electron microscopic studies of the tongue in the seagull (<i><scp>L</scp>arus fuscus</i>) and common buzzard (<i><scp>B</scp>uteo buteo</i>)

2020

Anat Histol Embryol

The present study was carried out on the oropharyngeal cavity of the hooded crow to investigate the gross and microscopic structures via gross anatomy, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The gross anatomy clarified the elongated triangular shape of the oropharyngeal cavity with a non‐protruding tongue with a bifid apex. The lingual body contained median groove rostrally and separated caudally from the root by a transverse papillary crest. The laryngeal mound located posterior to the lingual root, contained midline laryngeal cleft and bounded caudally by a transverse row of pharyngeal papillae. The palate contained choanal cleft rostrally and infundibular slit caudally in addition to five palatine ridges. By light microscopy, the dorsal lingual epithelium was highly keratinised stratified squamous with a lingual nail in the most rostral part of the apex. Then, the thickness of the keratin layer decreased caudally, while in the ventral surface, the lining epithelium became non‐keratinised. The entoglossum supported the lingual body and root, but not extended to the apex. The lining epithelium of the palate was also keratinised stratified squamous and became none‐keratinised at the oral side of the choanal cleft. There were numerous lobules of polystomatic salivary glands in the lingual root and the palate. SEM revealed the arrangement of different types of papillae covering both the floor and the roof of the oropharynx besides numerous openings of salivary glands in the lingual root, laryngeal mound and the palate. These findings reflect the functional relationship of the oropharyngeal cavity of the hooded crow during feeding.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gross morphological, histological and scanning electron specifications of the oropharyngeal cavity of the hooded crow (Corvus cornix pallescens)

Gewaily

2020

Anat Histol Embryol

“…However, the most formerly published articles concentrated only on the morphological lingual detailing of the adult stage of the different avian species only Al-Ahmady Al-Zahaby, 2016;Jackowiak et al, 2006;Onuk et al, 2013;Pasand, Tadjalli, & Mansouri, 2010). Functionally, the previous studies assumed that the strong relation between the strong lingual and single median area (LBm) with broad filiform papillae (Fib), three caudally directed papillae (white arrowheads) on lateral border (Lb), and papillary crest (PC) with posteriorly directed papillae (black arrowheads), dorsal giant papillae (Gp1) with six posteriorly directed projections (red star) that had caudally directed papillae (pink arrowheads) and scales (Sc), and ventral giant papillae (Gp2) with four posteriorly directed projections (blue star) that had scales (Sc).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Al-Ahmady Al-Zahaby, 2016;Jackowiak, Andrzejewski, & Godynicki, 2006;Onuk, Tutuncue, Kabak, & Alan, 2013). Over time, researchers have tended to study the oropharyngeal cavity and its adaptation to the nature of the available food particles (Abumandour, 2018;Abumandour & Gewaily, 2019;El-Mansi, Al-Kahtani, Abumandour, Ezzat, & El-Badry, 2020;Gewaily & Abumandour, 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Posthatching developmental studies on the tongue and laryngeal entrance of the common quail (Coturnix coturnix, Linnaeus, 1758) in different five age‐stages

Microscopy Res & Technique

Farrag

El‐Mansi

et al. 2021

The present study represents the first trial to characterize the ultrastructural of five ages of Coturnix coturnix. Lingual nail had membrane that differ in number among five studied ages. Filiform papillary system had four caudally directed papillae types; small (apex, rostral, and median part of body in 1 day, body in 10 and 20 days), long (apex and rostral part of body in 10 days, tip and two lateral area in 20, 30, 40-days, lateral border in 1 and 10 days, two lateral area of body in 40 days), broad (median area of body in 20, 30, 40 days). Scales on the ventral surface of apex, mound. Lingual sulci on the apex and body without reaching tip in 10, 20, 30, 40-days while, in 1 day the body had ridge caudally. Three papillae on posterior part of lateral border of body. W-shape crest had papillae on its median part while, its lateral part had two giant papillae on each side. Dorsal giant papillae terminated caudally with six processes, while ventral papillae terminated caudally with three processes. The unique root appearance, at 1 day had four papillae while in 10-day, it had one papilla however in 20, 30, 40 days, it had T-shaped ridge. Mound had one longitudinal row on each side of cleft and two transverse papillary rows at its caudal border and additional row at 40-days. Our findings exposed unique structural and functional characterizations of lingual and laryngeal entrance that reflected with feeding behavior.

“…According to many previously published data, the avian tongue is a species specific. This specification leads to many morphological differences in tongue because there is close relationship with the different life styles, feeding habitats and environmental conditions (Onuk et al., ; Erdogan and Iwasaki, ). The shape of tongue that is considered one of the most lingual structures has a close relationship with the form of the lower beak, feeding habits and lifestyle of the particular species (Nickel et al., ; Parchami et al., ; Erdogan and Alan, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Characteristics of the Oropharyngeal Cavity (Tongue, Palate and Laryngeal Entrance) in the Eurasian Coot (Fulica atra, Linnaeus, 1758)

El‐Bakary

2017

Anat Histol Embryol

The present study represents the first definitive anatomical description of the oropharyngeal cavity of the coot Fulica atra. For this purpose, the organs of six birds were prepared to examine grossly and by SEM and stereomicroscope. The oval lingual apex had multiple overlapping branched acicular processes on its anterior and lateral border. The lingual apex and body had multiple caudally directed filiform-like papillae. By stereomicroscopy, the lingual root had a characteristic appearance and consisted of four parts. The openings of the anterior glands were present on the dorsal lingual surface of the body, while the projected papillae with wide openings of the posterior glands were present on the dorsal surface of lingual root. There was a row of caudally directed pharyngeal papillae at the caudal border of the laryngeal mound. Grossly, the pharyngeal papillae arrangement took a W-shape, while by stereomicroscopy was observed to be heart shape. The palate was divided into two regions: a small rostral non-papillary and a large caudal papillary region, but the rostral region was characterized by the presence of three longitudinal ridges. The papillary crest had two paramedian longitudinal papillary rows, which continued caudally until the beginning of the third median row. The freely distributed papillae took a caudolateral direction, while the papillae encircling the rostral part of choanal cleft took a caudomedial direction. There was a transverse papillary row between the two parts of choanal cleft. There was a transverse papillary row between the caudal border of the infundibular cleft and oesophagus.